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The Structure of DNA and RNA

Cool Science: How Proteins Work and Why DNA and RNA Aren't the Same

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Cool Science: How Proteins Work and Why DNA and RNA Aren't the Same
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Eliza Kroeker

@elizakroeker_xrer

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A comprehensive guide to fundamental biological molecules and their structures, focusing on proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The document explores their composition, formation, and biological significance.

• Protein structure and function in biochemistry is explained through four structural levels, from primary amino acid sequences to complex quaternary arrangements
• The differences between DNA and RNA nucleic acids are detailed, highlighting their unique nucleotide compositions and cellular roles
• The document examines the role of lipids in long-term energy storage and membrane structure
• Carbohydrate classifications and their biological functions are thoroughly explored
• The text concludes with fundamental concepts about biological molecule synthesis and breakdown

10/31/2023

54

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

View

Protein Structure Levels Continued

This section focuses on the higher levels of protein structure and their importance to protein function.

Definition: Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional configuration of an amino acid chain, while quaternary structure involves multiple polypeptides linked together.

Example: Hemoglobin exemplifies quaternary structure, being composed of four separate peptide chains.

Highlight: A protein's function is directly linked to its three-dimensional structure, and denaturation can prevent proper function.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

View

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

This section explores the fundamental components and roles of nucleic acids in biological systems.

Definition: Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides, each containing a five-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Vocabulary: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) differ in their sugar components and base compositions.

Highlight: Nucleotides serve multiple functions beyond genetic material, including acting as cellular messengers and energy carriers.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

View

Lipids and Fats

This section details the structure and functions of various lipid molecules in biological systems.

Definition: Lipids are organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving various biological functions including energy storage.

Example: Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol molecule, functioning in long-term energy storage.

Highlight: Phospholipids have unique amphipathic properties, making them crucial for cell membrane structure.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

View

Carbohydrates

This section examines the various types of carbohydrates and their biological roles.

Definition: Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides to complex polysaccharides, serving both structural and energy storage functions.

Example: Glucose is a fundamental monosaccharide that serves as the building block for most polysaccharides.

Highlight: Different polysaccharides serve distinct functions: starch for plant energy storage, glycogen for animal energy storage, and cellulose for structural support.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

View

Biological Molecules: Basic Principles

This section outlines the fundamental concepts regarding biological molecule classification and formation.

Definition: Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, while inorganic molecules do not contain carbon.

Vocabulary: Dehydration synthesis joins monomers together by removing water, while hydrolysis splits molecules by adding water.

Highlight: Functional groups attached to carbon backbones determine the characteristics of different biological molecules.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

View

Proteins: Structure and Formation

This section details the fundamental composition and structural organization of proteins. The text explains how amino acids combine to form complex protein structures through specific chemical bonds.

Definition: Proteins are polymers formed from amino acid chains joined by peptide bonds, with each amino acid containing specific functional groups attached to a central carbon atom.

Vocabulary: Peptide bonds are chemical bonds formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Example: A polypeptide chain consists of 50 or more amino acids linked together.

Highlight: Protein structure can be organized into four distinct levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary, each contributing to the protein's final form and function.

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Subjects

/

AP Biology

/

Chemistry of Life

/

The Structure of DNA and RNA

Cool Science: How Proteins Work and Why DNA and RNA Aren't the Same

user profile picture

Eliza Kroeker

@elizakroeker_xrer

·

1 Follower

Follow

A comprehensive guide to fundamental biological molecules and their structures, focusing on proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The document explores their composition, formation, and biological significance.

• Protein structure and function in biochemistry is explained through four structural levels, from primary amino acid sequences to complex quaternary arrangements
• The differences between DNA and RNA nucleic acids are detailed, highlighting their unique nucleotide compositions and cellular roles
• The document examines the role of lipids in long-term energy storage and membrane structure
• Carbohydrate classifications and their biological functions are thoroughly explored
• The text concludes with fundamental concepts about biological molecule synthesis and breakdown

10/31/2023

54

 

College/12th

 

AP Biology

2

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

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Protein Structure Levels Continued

This section focuses on the higher levels of protein structure and their importance to protein function.

Definition: Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional configuration of an amino acid chain, while quaternary structure involves multiple polypeptides linked together.

Example: Hemoglobin exemplifies quaternary structure, being composed of four separate peptide chains.

Highlight: A protein's function is directly linked to its three-dimensional structure, and denaturation can prevent proper function.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

This section explores the fundamental components and roles of nucleic acids in biological systems.

Definition: Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides, each containing a five-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Vocabulary: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) differ in their sugar components and base compositions.

Highlight: Nucleotides serve multiple functions beyond genetic material, including acting as cellular messengers and energy carriers.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Lipids and Fats

This section details the structure and functions of various lipid molecules in biological systems.

Definition: Lipids are organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving various biological functions including energy storage.

Example: Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol molecule, functioning in long-term energy storage.

Highlight: Phospholipids have unique amphipathic properties, making them crucial for cell membrane structure.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Carbohydrates

This section examines the various types of carbohydrates and their biological roles.

Definition: Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides to complex polysaccharides, serving both structural and energy storage functions.

Example: Glucose is a fundamental monosaccharide that serves as the building block for most polysaccharides.

Highlight: Different polysaccharides serve distinct functions: starch for plant energy storage, glycogen for animal energy storage, and cellulose for structural support.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Biological Molecules: Basic Principles

This section outlines the fundamental concepts regarding biological molecule classification and formation.

Definition: Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, while inorganic molecules do not contain carbon.

Vocabulary: Dehydration synthesis joins monomers together by removing water, while hydrolysis splits molecules by adding water.

Highlight: Functional groups attached to carbon backbones determine the characteristics of different biological molecules.

PROTIENS A) Proteins are formed from chains of amino Dacids joined by peptide bonds. All amino acids are composed of 1 groups/ Carbon bonded

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Proteins: Structure and Formation

This section details the fundamental composition and structural organization of proteins. The text explains how amino acids combine to form complex protein structures through specific chemical bonds.

Definition: Proteins are polymers formed from amino acid chains joined by peptide bonds, with each amino acid containing specific functional groups attached to a central carbon atom.

Vocabulary: Peptide bonds are chemical bonds formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Example: A polypeptide chain consists of 50 or more amino acids linked together.

Highlight: Protein structure can be organized into four distinct levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary, each contributing to the protein's final form and function.

Similar Content

AP Biology - 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure

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Know 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure thumbnail

AP Biology - Cell Communication and Signaling

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Know Cell Communication and Signaling thumbnail

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

15 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying