Page 4: mRNA Processing

This section covers the transformation of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA through various modifications. The process includes the addition of protective elements and removal of non-coding sequences.

Vocabulary: Nuclear pore - The structure through which processed mRNA exits the nucleus.

Example: Modifications include adding a methyl cap at the 5' end and a poly-A tail at the 3' end.

Page 5: Introns and Exons

The page discusses the significance of introns and exons in gene expression and mRNA processing. It explains how introns allow for alternative splicing and the protective functions of mRNA modifications.

Definition: Introns are non-coding sections of pre-mRNA that are removed during processing, while exons are the coding portions that remain.

Highlight: The methyl cap facilitates nuclear export and ribosome attachment.

Page 1: Introduction to Gene Expression and Transcription

The first page introduces the fundamental concept of DNA as a genetic blueprint and its role in directing protein synthesis. The transcription process in eukaryotic cells is presented through a detailed diagram showing the key components involved.

Definition: DNA acts as a genetic blueprint containing instructions for assembling living organisms, similar to how architectural blueprints guide building construction.

Highlight: Genes primarily direct the production of polypeptides, which can form more complex proteins like enzymes and hormones.

Vocabulary: Transcription factors are proteins that work alongside RNA polymerase to initiate and regulate gene expression.