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How Cells Get Energy: Understanding Gibbs Free Energy and Reactions

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Valentine Piteira

10/31/2023

AP Biology

Intro to metabolism

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The Process and Function of Meiosis

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How Cells Get Energy: Understanding Gibbs Free Energy and Reactions

The complex interplay of Gibbs free energy in cellular metabolism drives essential cellular processes through carefully orchestrated chemical reactions. This fundamental concept encompasses energy transformation, enzyme-catalyzed reactions and activation energy, and the balance between anabolic and catabolic reactions in cells.

Key points:

  • Living systems harness energy through coupled reactions
  • Enzymes facilitate reactions by lowering activation energy barriers
  • Metabolism involves both energy-consuming and energy-releasing processes
  • Chemical reactions in cells follow specific pathways regulated by specialized enzymes
  • Free energy changes determine reaction spontaneity and direction
...

10/31/2023

43

METABOLISM IN CELLS 。 Gibbs free energy energy coupling : energy from exergonia reactions Free energy. • Gibbs free energy : AG=AH-TAS • G =

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Enzyme Function and Reaction Mechanisms

The second page delves deeper into enzyme function and reaction mechanisms, explaining how these biological catalysts facilitate cellular processes. The detailed examination of enzyme-substrate interactions and reaction progression demonstrates the sophistication of cellular chemistry.

Definition: Enzyme-catalyzed reactions involve specific binding between an enzyme's active site and its substrate, creating a unique microenvironment for the reaction.

Example: Catalase enzyme specifically transforms hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and oxygen, demonstrating enzyme specificity.

Highlight: Cells contain thousands of different enzymes, each catalyzing specific reactions with remarkable efficiency and speed.

Vocabulary: Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, often facilitated by specialized enzymes and cofactors like NADP+/NADPH.

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Subjects

AP Biology

Heredity

The Process and Function of Meiosis

Meiosis

 

AP Biology

•

43

•

Oct 31, 2023

•

2 pages

How Cells Get Energy: Understanding Gibbs Free Energy and Reactions

user profile picture

Valentine Piteira

@valentinepiteira_qgsh

The complex interplay of Gibbs free energy in cellular metabolism drives essential cellular processes through carefully orchestrated chemical reactions. This fundamental concept encompasses energy transformation, enzyme-catalyzed reactions and activation energy, and the balance between anabolic and catabolic reactions in... Show more

METABOLISM IN CELLS 。 Gibbs free energy energy coupling : energy from exergonia reactions Free energy. • Gibbs free energy : AG=AH-TAS • G =

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Enzyme Function and Reaction Mechanisms

The second page delves deeper into enzyme function and reaction mechanisms, explaining how these biological catalysts facilitate cellular processes. The detailed examination of enzyme-substrate interactions and reaction progression demonstrates the sophistication of cellular chemistry.

Definition: Enzyme-catalyzed reactions involve specific binding between an enzyme's active site and its substrate, creating a unique microenvironment for the reaction.

Example: Catalase enzyme specifically transforms hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and oxygen, demonstrating enzyme specificity.

Highlight: Cells contain thousands of different enzymes, each catalyzing specific reactions with remarkable efficiency and speed.

Vocabulary: Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, often facilitated by specialized enzymes and cofactors like NADP+/NADPH.

METABOLISM IN CELLS 。 Gibbs free energy energy coupling : energy from exergonia reactions Free energy. • Gibbs free energy : AG=AH-TAS • G =

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Understanding Cellular Metabolism and Energy

The first page introduces fundamental concepts of cellular metabolism and energy transformation. The relationship between Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy forms the foundation for understanding cellular energetics. Living systems have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to utilize energy from exergonic reactions to power endergonic processes.

Definition: Gibbs free energy ΔGΔG represents the energy available in a living system to perform work, calculated as ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.

Highlight: Enzymes play a crucial role in cellular reactions by lowering activation energy barriers, making otherwise unfavorable reactions possible.

Example: The synthesis and decomposition reactions demonstrate how cells manage energy through different chemical pathways.

Vocabulary: Anabolism refers to building-up processes requiring energy, while catabolism involves breaking-down processes that release energy.

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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

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Marco B

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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

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This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user