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How Cells Get Energy: Understanding Gibbs Free Energy and Reactions

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How Cells Get Energy: Understanding Gibbs Free Energy and Reactions
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Valentine Piteira

@valentinepiteira_qgsh

·

1 Follower

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The complex interplay of Gibbs free energy in cellular metabolism drives essential cellular processes through carefully orchestrated chemical reactions. This fundamental concept encompasses energy transformation, enzyme-catalyzed reactions and activation energy, and the balance between anabolic and catabolic reactions in cells.

Key points:

  • Living systems harness energy through coupled reactions
  • Enzymes facilitate reactions by lowering activation energy barriers
  • Metabolism involves both energy-consuming and energy-releasing processes
  • Chemical reactions in cells follow specific pathways regulated by specialized enzymes
  • Free energy changes determine reaction spontaneity and direction

10/31/2023

43

METABOLISM IN CELLS 。 Gibbs free energy energy coupling : energy from exergonia reactions Free energy. • Gibbs free energy : AG=AH-TAS • G =

View

Enzyme Function and Reaction Mechanisms

The second page delves deeper into enzyme function and reaction mechanisms, explaining how these biological catalysts facilitate cellular processes. The detailed examination of enzyme-substrate interactions and reaction progression demonstrates the sophistication of cellular chemistry.

Definition: Enzyme-catalyzed reactions involve specific binding between an enzyme's active site and its substrate, creating a unique microenvironment for the reaction.

Example: Catalase enzyme specifically transforms hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and oxygen, demonstrating enzyme specificity.

Highlight: Cells contain thousands of different enzymes, each catalyzing specific reactions with remarkable efficiency and speed.

Vocabulary: Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, often facilitated by specialized enzymes and cofactors like NADP+/NADPH.

METABOLISM IN CELLS 。 Gibbs free energy energy coupling : energy from exergonia reactions Free energy. • Gibbs free energy : AG=AH-TAS • G =

View

Understanding Cellular Metabolism and Energy

The first page introduces fundamental concepts of cellular metabolism and energy transformation. The relationship between Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy forms the foundation for understanding cellular energetics. Living systems have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to utilize energy from exergonic reactions to power endergonic processes.

Definition: Gibbs free energy (ΔG) represents the energy available in a living system to perform work, calculated as ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.

Highlight: Enzymes play a crucial role in cellular reactions by lowering activation energy barriers, making otherwise unfavorable reactions possible.

Example: The synthesis and decomposition reactions demonstrate how cells manage energy through different chemical pathways.

Vocabulary: Anabolism refers to building-up processes requiring energy, while catabolism involves breaking-down processes that release energy.

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Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

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950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

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I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

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Subjects

/

AP Biology

/

Heredity

/

The process and function of meiosis

/

Meiosis

How Cells Get Energy: Understanding Gibbs Free Energy and Reactions

user profile picture

Valentine Piteira

@valentinepiteira_qgsh

·

1 Follower

Follow

The complex interplay of Gibbs free energy in cellular metabolism drives essential cellular processes through carefully orchestrated chemical reactions. This fundamental concept encompasses energy transformation, enzyme-catalyzed reactions and activation energy, and the balance between anabolic and catabolic reactions in cells.

Key points:

  • Living systems harness energy through coupled reactions
  • Enzymes facilitate reactions by lowering activation energy barriers
  • Metabolism involves both energy-consuming and energy-releasing processes
  • Chemical reactions in cells follow specific pathways regulated by specialized enzymes
  • Free energy changes determine reaction spontaneity and direction

10/31/2023

43

 

10th/11th

 

AP Biology

1

METABOLISM IN CELLS 。 Gibbs free energy energy coupling : energy from exergonia reactions Free energy. • Gibbs free energy : AG=AH-TAS • G =

Enzyme Function and Reaction Mechanisms

The second page delves deeper into enzyme function and reaction mechanisms, explaining how these biological catalysts facilitate cellular processes. The detailed examination of enzyme-substrate interactions and reaction progression demonstrates the sophistication of cellular chemistry.

Definition: Enzyme-catalyzed reactions involve specific binding between an enzyme's active site and its substrate, creating a unique microenvironment for the reaction.

Example: Catalase enzyme specifically transforms hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and oxygen, demonstrating enzyme specificity.

Highlight: Cells contain thousands of different enzymes, each catalyzing specific reactions with remarkable efficiency and speed.

Vocabulary: Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, often facilitated by specialized enzymes and cofactors like NADP+/NADPH.

METABOLISM IN CELLS 。 Gibbs free energy energy coupling : energy from exergonia reactions Free energy. • Gibbs free energy : AG=AH-TAS • G =

Understanding Cellular Metabolism and Energy

The first page introduces fundamental concepts of cellular metabolism and energy transformation. The relationship between Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy forms the foundation for understanding cellular energetics. Living systems have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to utilize energy from exergonic reactions to power endergonic processes.

Definition: Gibbs free energy (ΔG) represents the energy available in a living system to perform work, calculated as ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.

Highlight: Enzymes play a crucial role in cellular reactions by lowering activation energy barriers, making otherwise unfavorable reactions possible.

Example: The synthesis and decomposition reactions demonstrate how cells manage energy through different chemical pathways.

Vocabulary: Anabolism refers to building-up processes requiring energy, while catabolism involves breaking-down processes that release energy.

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying