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How Our Bodies Use Energy: Metabolic Magic and Enzymes

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How Our Bodies Use Energy: Metabolic Magic and Enzymes
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Taylor Kinder

@taylorkinder_jvlp

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Metabolic Pathways and Energy Transformation in living systems involve complex chemical reactions that maintain life through carefully regulated processes. The interplay between Gibbs Free Energy equation for spontaneous reactions and the role of enzymes in metabolism and reaction rates forms the foundation of cellular energetics.

  • Metabolism encompasses both anabolic (building) and catabolic (breaking down) pathways
  • Thermodynamic principles govern energy transformations in biological systems
  • ATP serves as the universal energy currency in cells
  • Enzymes are crucial catalysts that lower activation energy and control metabolic processes
  • Regulatory mechanisms ensure precise control of metabolic pathways

11/8/2023

57

Etabolismy metabolism 'emergent •due to all chemical recations metabolic pathways -convert reactant into products through series of enz-cata

View

Page 2: Gibbs Free Energy and Cellular Work

This page explores the concept of Gibbs Free Energy and its application to biological systems. The equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS helps determine whether reactions will occur spontaneously and how much energy is available for cellular work.

Definition: Gibbs Free Energy (G) represents the energy available to do useful work in a system.

Highlight: Reactions with negative ΔG are spontaneous (exergonic), while those with positive ΔG require energy input (endergonic).

Example: Cellular work includes chemical reactions, transport across membranes, and mechanical movements.

Etabolismy metabolism 'emergent •due to all chemical recations metabolic pathways -convert reactant into products through series of enz-cata

View

Page 3: ATP and Energy Coupling

The third page details ATP's role as an energy coupler and the process of phosphorylation in cellular energy transfer. ATP hydrolysis powers endergonic reactions through energy coupling.

Vocabulary: Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule.

Definition: Energy coupling occurs when an exergonic reaction powers an endergonic reaction through ATP.

Highlight: ATP regeneration is crucial for maintaining cellular energy balance and is powered by cellular respiration.

Etabolismy metabolism 'emergent •due to all chemical recations metabolic pathways -convert reactant into products through series of enz-cata

View

Page 4: Enzyme Structure and Function

The final page examines enzyme structure, function, and regulation in metabolic processes. Enzymes work through specific mechanisms and are subject to various regulatory controls.

Definition: The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where substrate binding occurs.

Example: Competitive inhibitors block the active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind elsewhere to change enzyme shape.

Highlight: Allosteric regulation allows for feedback inhibition and precise control of enzyme activity.

Vocabulary: Induced fit describes how enzyme and substrate shapes change upon binding to enhance catalysis.

Etabolismy metabolism 'emergent •due to all chemical recations metabolic pathways -convert reactant into products through series of enz-cata

View

Page 1: Fundamentals of Metabolism and Thermodynamics

The first page introduces core concepts of metabolism and thermodynamics in biological systems. Metabolic pathways consist of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that either build up (anabolic) or break down (catabolic) molecules. Energy transformations follow fundamental thermodynamic laws within open biological systems.

Definition: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.

Vocabulary: Anabolic pathways form bonds and build molecules, while catabolic pathways break bonds and break down molecules.

Highlight: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Example: Energy exists in different forms, including kinetic (motion, heat, light) and potential (stored in chemical bonds).

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Subjects

/

AP Biology

/

Overview

/

Overview

/

How to Best Prepare for Tests in This Subject

How Our Bodies Use Energy: Metabolic Magic and Enzymes

user profile picture

Taylor Kinder

@taylorkinder_jvlp

·

3 Followers

Follow

Metabolic Pathways and Energy Transformation in living systems involve complex chemical reactions that maintain life through carefully regulated processes. The interplay between Gibbs Free Energy equation for spontaneous reactions and the role of enzymes in metabolism and reaction rates forms the foundation of cellular energetics.

  • Metabolism encompasses both anabolic (building) and catabolic (breaking down) pathways
  • Thermodynamic principles govern energy transformations in biological systems
  • ATP serves as the universal energy currency in cells
  • Enzymes are crucial catalysts that lower activation energy and control metabolic processes
  • Regulatory mechanisms ensure precise control of metabolic pathways

11/8/2023

57

 

11th

 

AP Biology

4

Etabolismy metabolism 'emergent •due to all chemical recations metabolic pathways -convert reactant into products through series of enz-cata

Page 2: Gibbs Free Energy and Cellular Work

This page explores the concept of Gibbs Free Energy and its application to biological systems. The equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS helps determine whether reactions will occur spontaneously and how much energy is available for cellular work.

Definition: Gibbs Free Energy (G) represents the energy available to do useful work in a system.

Highlight: Reactions with negative ΔG are spontaneous (exergonic), while those with positive ΔG require energy input (endergonic).

Example: Cellular work includes chemical reactions, transport across membranes, and mechanical movements.

Etabolismy metabolism 'emergent •due to all chemical recations metabolic pathways -convert reactant into products through series of enz-cata

Page 3: ATP and Energy Coupling

The third page details ATP's role as an energy coupler and the process of phosphorylation in cellular energy transfer. ATP hydrolysis powers endergonic reactions through energy coupling.

Vocabulary: Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule.

Definition: Energy coupling occurs when an exergonic reaction powers an endergonic reaction through ATP.

Highlight: ATP regeneration is crucial for maintaining cellular energy balance and is powered by cellular respiration.

Etabolismy metabolism 'emergent •due to all chemical recations metabolic pathways -convert reactant into products through series of enz-cata

Page 4: Enzyme Structure and Function

The final page examines enzyme structure, function, and regulation in metabolic processes. Enzymes work through specific mechanisms and are subject to various regulatory controls.

Definition: The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where substrate binding occurs.

Example: Competitive inhibitors block the active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind elsewhere to change enzyme shape.

Highlight: Allosteric regulation allows for feedback inhibition and precise control of enzyme activity.

Vocabulary: Induced fit describes how enzyme and substrate shapes change upon binding to enhance catalysis.

Etabolismy metabolism 'emergent •due to all chemical recations metabolic pathways -convert reactant into products through series of enz-cata

Page 1: Fundamentals of Metabolism and Thermodynamics

The first page introduces core concepts of metabolism and thermodynamics in biological systems. Metabolic pathways consist of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that either build up (anabolic) or break down (catabolic) molecules. Energy transformations follow fundamental thermodynamic laws within open biological systems.

Definition: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.

Vocabulary: Anabolic pathways form bonds and build molecules, while catabolic pathways break bonds and break down molecules.

Highlight: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Example: Energy exists in different forms, including kinetic (motion, heat, light) and potential (stored in chemical bonds).

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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

15 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying