Ionic bonding is a fundamental concept in chemistry, explaining how atoms form stable compounds through electron transfer. This process is particularly important for elements in Groups 1, 2, 6, and 7 of the periodic table. Understanding dot and cross diagrams for ionic bonds helps visualize the electron transfer and resulting ion formation. The ionic bonding process between metals and non-metals involves the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms, creating oppositely charged ions that are strongly attracted to each other. How ions form in Group 1 and Group 7 elements is a key aspect of this process, with Group 1 elements losing electrons to form positive ions and Group 7 elements gaining electrons to form negative ions.
• Ions are charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons to achieve a stable electronic structure.
• Metals typically lose electrons to form positive ions (cations), while non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
• The number of electrons lost or gained determines the charge of the resulting ion.
• Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions through electrostatic attraction.
• Dot and cross diagrams visually represent the electron transfer process in ionic bonding.
