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Chemistry
Oct 15, 2025
432
5 pages
Laila @lailaaa__
A comprehensive step by step guide for sodium hydrogen sulfate titrationand preparation of volumetric solutions for accurate... Show more
This section details the proper setup of titration apparatus and initial solution measurements. The arrangement of equipment is crucial for accurate results.
Vocabulary Titrant - The solution of known concentration added from the burette Vocabulary Analyte - The solution of unknown concentration being analyzed
The setup includes proper positioning of the burette, stand, and clamp, along with preparation of both sodium hydrogen sulfate and sodium hydroxide solutions.
The detailed titration procedure explains the step-by-step process of determining the unknown concentration.
Highlight Multiple titrations are performed to ensure accuracy, with the first serving as a rough estimate.
Definition The endpoint is reached when a permanent color change occurs, indicating complete neutralization.
The process includes careful measurement of 25.0cm³ of sodium hydroxide solution and systematic addition of sodium hydrogen sulfate while monitoring color changes.
This section focuses on the mathematical aspects of determining concentration and important safety protocols.
Highlight When calculating the mean volume, the first rough titration and any outlying results are excluded.
Example Titrations must be within 0.1cm³ of each other to be considered valid for calculations.
The risk assessment portion emphasizes the hazardous nature of the chemicals used
Quote "Corrosive to eyes - can cause serious eye damage"
The concluding section guides students through the final calculations to determine the unknown concentration of sodium hydroxide.
Definition The concentration calculation uses the balanced equation and the precise volumes measured during titration.
Highlight Accuracy in recording and calculating results is crucial for reliable concentration determination.
The practical emphasizes the importance of showing all working steps in calculations and maintaining precise measurement records.
This section outlines the fundamental setup for preparing an accurate volumetric solution for titration analysis. The reaction between sodium hydrogen sulfate and sodium hydroxide is explained, along with the role of phenolphthalein indicator.
Definition A volumetric solution is a precisely concentrated solution used for quantitative chemical analysis.
Example The reaction equation demonstrates the process NaHSO4 + NaOH -> Na2SO4 + H2O
Highlight Phenolphthalein serves as the indicator, changing from pink/purple to colorless at the endpoint.
The equipment list includes essential items such as a volumetric flask, weighing boat, digital balance, and various measuring tools needed for precise solution preparation.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
23
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore essential mole calculations and stoichiometry concepts for A-Level Chemistry. This study resource covers the amount of substance, back titration methods, and detailed examples to enhance your understanding of chemical calculations. Perfect for exam preparation and mastering key concepts.
ChemistryExplore essential concepts in A Level Chemistry, including mole calculations, Avogadro's constant, atomic structure, and empirical formulas. This resource provides clear explanations and key formulas to enhance your understanding of chemical principles. Ideal for exam preparation and mastering foundational topics in chemistry.
ChemistryExplore the principles of measuring enthalpy changes in chemical reactions. This study note covers the use of calorimeters, the calculation of standard enthalpy changes, and the significance of specific heat capacity. Ideal for A Level Chemistry students, it includes key equations, experimental procedures, and common pitfalls to avoid. Enhance your understanding of thermodynamics and energy changes in reactions.
ChemistryComprehensive mind maps for SQA National 5 Chemistry Unit 1, covering key concepts such as bonding, atomic structure, periodic table, acids and bases, and mole calculations. Ideal for S4/5/6 students preparing for exams.
ChemistryExplore essential laboratory techniques in chemical analysis, including stoichiometric calculations, gravimetric analysis, and the use of various chemical apparatus such as conical flasks and digital balances. This summary provides insights into acid-base titrations and methods for improving percentage yield in reactions.
ChemistryExplore essential laboratory techniques in Advanced Higher Chemistry, including titration, chromatography, and gravimetric analysis. This resource covers key concepts such as standard solutions, percent yield, and stoichiometry, providing practical insights for experiments like the preparation of benzoic acid and the determination of aspirin content. Ideal for students seeking to enhance their understanding of chemical analysis and practical skills.
ChemistryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Chemistry
Oct 15, 2025
432
5 pages
Laila @lailaaa__
A comprehensive step by step guide for sodium hydrogen sulfate titration and preparation of volumetric solutions for accurate concentration determination in acid-base reactions.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section details the proper setup of titration apparatus and initial solution measurements. The arrangement of equipment is crucial for accurate results.
Vocabulary Titrant - The solution of known concentration added from the burette Vocabulary Analyte - The solution of unknown concentration being analyzed
The setup includes proper positioning of the burette, stand, and clamp, along with preparation of both sodium hydrogen sulfate and sodium hydroxide solutions.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The detailed titration procedure explains the step-by-step process of determining the unknown concentration.
Highlight Multiple titrations are performed to ensure accuracy, with the first serving as a rough estimate.
Definition The endpoint is reached when a permanent color change occurs, indicating complete neutralization.
The process includes careful measurement of 25.0cm³ of sodium hydroxide solution and systematic addition of sodium hydrogen sulfate while monitoring color changes.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section focuses on the mathematical aspects of determining concentration and important safety protocols.
Highlight When calculating the mean volume, the first rough titration and any outlying results are excluded.
Example Titrations must be within 0.1cm³ of each other to be considered valid for calculations.
The risk assessment portion emphasizes the hazardous nature of the chemicals used
Quote "Corrosive to eyes - can cause serious eye damage"
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The concluding section guides students through the final calculations to determine the unknown concentration of sodium hydroxide.
Definition The concentration calculation uses the balanced equation and the precise volumes measured during titration.
Highlight Accuracy in recording and calculating results is crucial for reliable concentration determination.
The practical emphasizes the importance of showing all working steps in calculations and maintaining precise measurement records.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This section outlines the fundamental setup for preparing an accurate volumetric solution for titration analysis. The reaction between sodium hydrogen sulfate and sodium hydroxide is explained, along with the role of phenolphthalein indicator.
Definition A volumetric solution is a precisely concentrated solution used for quantitative chemical analysis.
Example The reaction equation demonstrates the process NaHSO4 + NaOH -> Na2SO4 + H2O
Highlight Phenolphthalein serves as the indicator, changing from pink/purple to colorless at the endpoint.
The equipment list includes essential items such as a volumetric flask, weighing boat, digital balance, and various measuring tools needed for precise solution preparation.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
23
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore essential mole calculations and stoichiometry concepts for A-Level Chemistry. This study resource covers the amount of substance, back titration methods, and detailed examples to enhance your understanding of chemical calculations. Perfect for exam preparation and mastering key concepts.
ChemistryExplore essential concepts in A Level Chemistry, including mole calculations, Avogadro's constant, atomic structure, and empirical formulas. This resource provides clear explanations and key formulas to enhance your understanding of chemical principles. Ideal for exam preparation and mastering foundational topics in chemistry.
ChemistryExplore the principles of measuring enthalpy changes in chemical reactions. This study note covers the use of calorimeters, the calculation of standard enthalpy changes, and the significance of specific heat capacity. Ideal for A Level Chemistry students, it includes key equations, experimental procedures, and common pitfalls to avoid. Enhance your understanding of thermodynamics and energy changes in reactions.
ChemistryComprehensive mind maps for SQA National 5 Chemistry Unit 1, covering key concepts such as bonding, atomic structure, periodic table, acids and bases, and mole calculations. Ideal for S4/5/6 students preparing for exams.
ChemistryExplore essential laboratory techniques in chemical analysis, including stoichiometric calculations, gravimetric analysis, and the use of various chemical apparatus such as conical flasks and digital balances. This summary provides insights into acid-base titrations and methods for improving percentage yield in reactions.
ChemistryExplore essential laboratory techniques in Advanced Higher Chemistry, including titration, chromatography, and gravimetric analysis. This resource covers key concepts such as standard solutions, percent yield, and stoichiometry, providing practical insights for experiments like the preparation of benzoic acid and the determination of aspirin content. Ideal for students seeking to enhance their understanding of chemical analysis and practical skills.
ChemistryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
