Understanding Graph Traversal and Shortest Path Algorithms
Graph traversal is a fundamental concept in computer science that involves systematically exploring nodes and edges within a graph structure. When working with weighted graphs, finding the shortest path between nodes becomes a critical operation that has numerous real-world applications.
The process of finding the shortest path begins with initializing two essential lists: a visited list and an unvisited list. The visited list keeps track of nodes we've fully explored, while the unvisited list contains nodes we've discovered but haven't fully processed. Each node maintains three crucial pieces of information: its cost from the start node, its previous node in the path, and its current status.
Definition: A visited list in graph traversal algorithms contains nodes that have been fully explored, meaning we've examined all possible paths through that node.
As we traverse through the graph, we continuously update the costs and previous nodes. Starting from node A with a cost of 0, we explore its neighbors and calculate their costs. When we visit node B, its cost becomes 8 throughpathA→B, and when we reach node C, its cost is 5 throughpathA→C. This systematic exploration ensures we find the most efficient path to each node.