Subjects

AP Environmental Science

Aquatic and terrestrial pollution

Types of aquatic and terrestrial pollution

AP Environmental Science Study Guide for Unit 1: Ecosystems and Biomes

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AP Environmental Science Study Guide for Unit 1: Ecosystems and Biomes

tiannah gonzalez

@tiannahgonzalez_stry

2 Followers

The living world encompasses ecosystems, biomes, and their intricate interactions, forming the foundation of AP Environmental Science. This comprehensive guide explores terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and ecological relationships.

• The guide covers essential concepts from Unit 1 The Living World: Ecosystems including ecosystem structures, biotic and abiotic factors
• Detailed exploration of terrestrial biomes, freshwater ecosystems, and biogeochemical cycles
• In-depth analysis of ecological relationships and primary productivity measurements
• Focus on environmental challenges and human impacts on ecosystems

6/8/2023

128

<h2 id="unit1thelivingworldecosystems">Unit 1: The Living World - Ecosystems</h2>
<p>In this unit, we will be exploring ecosystems and biom

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Page 3: Terrestrial Biomes and Climate

This page explores terrestrial biomes and their relationship with climate patterns, emphasizing the importance of environmental conditions in shaping ecosystems.

Definition: Biomes are large-scale ecological regions defined by climate, geology, soils, hydrology, and vegetation patterns.

Highlight: Hot, humid regions typically support greater primary productivity and biodiversity compared to cold or dry regions.

Example: Temperate seasonal rainforests exhibit all four seasons and are characterized by deciduous trees that change colors throughout the year.

Vocabulary:

Climate: Long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and rainfall
Primary productivity: Rate at which energy is converted to organic substances by photosynthetic organisms

Quote: "Climate graphs show the relationship between annual precipitation and temperature across different biomes, from tundra to tropical rainforest."

View

Page 5: Freshwater Ecosystems

The content covers various freshwater ecosystems and their importance to human society and environmental health.

Highlight: Freshwater systems are crucial for providing humans with water and food resources.

Definition: Wetlands are areas with water-saturated soil, shallow enough for emergent plants with roots in water.

Example: Lakes are lentic ecosystems (still water) with four distinct zones based on depth.

View

Page 8: Hydrologic Cycle

This section details the water cycle and groundwater systems.

Definition: The hydrologic cycle is the process where water moves between the atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers, and land.

Vocabulary: Aquifers are bodies of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.

Highlight: Approximately 70% of Earth's water is stored in oceans.

View

Page 6: Human Impact on Wetlands

This section addresses anthropogenic causes of wetland degradation and introduces the carbon cycle.

Vocabulary: Anthropogenic refers to environmental changes caused by human activities.

Example: Agricultural drainage, commercial fishing, and logging are major human impacts on wetlands.

Highlight: The carbon cycle involves exchanges between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

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Page 4: Grassland and Savanna Biomes

This section examines specific terrestrial biomes, focusing on savannas and grasslands, including their characteristics and distributions.

Definition: Savanna is a grassland biome with scattered trees found in tropical regions between deserts and rainforests.

Example: North American plains and prairies represent agricultural grasslands with sod-forming grasses.

Highlight: Shrublands feature shallow soil intermixed with small trees and spiny vegetation, typically found in coastal regions with hot, dry summers.

View

Page 7: Nitrogen Cycle

The page explains the nitrogen cycle and its importance in biological systems.

Definition: The nitrogen cycle is the cyclic movement of nitrogen between living organisms and the environment.

Highlight: Nitrogen comprises 78% of the atmosphere and is essential for making proteins and nucleic acids.

Vocabulary: Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into biologically usable forms.

View

Page 2: Ecological Relationships

This page delves deeper into various types of species interactions and relationships within ecosystems, particularly focusing on symbiotic relationships.

Definition: Symbiosis refers to close, long-term interactions between two species in an ecosystem.

Example: Clownfish and sea anemones demonstrate mutualism, where both species benefit from the relationship.

Vocabulary:

Commensalism: One species benefits while the other is unaffected
Parasitism: One organism (parasite) benefits while harming the host
Competition: Organisms competing for limited resources

Highlight: Understanding different types of competition is crucial for ecosystem dynamics:

Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species
Resource partitioning helps species coexist by utilizing different parts of the environment

View

Page 1: Fundamental Ecosystem Concepts

This page introduces core concepts of AP Environmental Science and ecosystem structures. The content focuses on basic definitions and interactions within ecosystems.

Definition: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment as a system.

Vocabulary:

Abiotic: Non-living components including atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
Biotic: Living components including animals, plants, fungi, bacteria
Population: Group of organisms of the same species
Community: Different species populations in the same geographic area
Habitat: Environment where an organism lives
Ecological niche: Species' role in its environment

Example: Resource partitioning occurs when species share resources without conflict, demonstrating how organisms can coexist in the same environment.

Highlight: Symbiotic relationships play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning, with mutualism benefiting both organisms involved.

View

Page 3: Terrestrial Biomes

The page details the classification and characteristics of land-based ecosystems, introducing the concept of biomes and their determining factors.

Vocabulary: Climate refers to long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and rainfall in an area.

Highlight: Ecosystems are categorized into biomes and aquatic life zones based on climate, geology, soils, hydrology, and vegetation patterns.

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Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

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Download in

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

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Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

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Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

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The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

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Subjects

AP Environmental Science

Aquatic and terrestrial pollution

Types of aquatic and terrestrial pollution

AP Environmental Science Study Guide for Unit 1: Ecosystems and Biomes

tiannah gonzalez

@tiannahgonzalez_stry

2 Followers

6/8/2023

128

11th

AP Environmental Science

Page 3: Terrestrial Biomes and Climate

This page explores terrestrial biomes and their relationship with climate patterns, emphasizing the importance of environmental conditions in shaping ecosystems.

Definition: Biomes are large-scale ecological regions defined by climate, geology, soils, hydrology, and vegetation patterns.

Highlight: Hot, humid regions typically support greater primary productivity and biodiversity compared to cold or dry regions.

Example: Temperate seasonal rainforests exhibit all four seasons and are characterized by deciduous trees that change colors throughout the year.

Vocabulary:

Climate: Long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and rainfall
Primary productivity: Rate at which energy is converted to organic substances by photosynthetic organisms

Quote: "Climate graphs show the relationship between annual precipitation and temperature across different biomes, from tundra to tropical rainforest."

Page 5: Freshwater Ecosystems

The content covers various freshwater ecosystems and their importance to human society and environmental health.

Highlight: Freshwater systems are crucial for providing humans with water and food resources.

Definition: Wetlands are areas with water-saturated soil, shallow enough for emergent plants with roots in water.

Example: Lakes are lentic ecosystems (still water) with four distinct zones based on depth.

Page 8: Hydrologic Cycle

This section details the water cycle and groundwater systems.

Definition: The hydrologic cycle is the process where water moves between the atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers, and land.

Vocabulary: Aquifers are bodies of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.

Highlight: Approximately 70% of Earth's water is stored in oceans.

Page 6: Human Impact on Wetlands

This section addresses anthropogenic causes of wetland degradation and introduces the carbon cycle.

Vocabulary: Anthropogenic refers to environmental changes caused by human activities.

Example: Agricultural drainage, commercial fishing, and logging are major human impacts on wetlands.

Highlight: The carbon cycle involves exchanges between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

Page 4: Grassland and Savanna Biomes

This section examines specific terrestrial biomes, focusing on savannas and grasslands, including their characteristics and distributions.

Definition: Savanna is a grassland biome with scattered trees found in tropical regions between deserts and rainforests.

Example: North American plains and prairies represent agricultural grasslands with sod-forming grasses.

Highlight: Shrublands feature shallow soil intermixed with small trees and spiny vegetation, typically found in coastal regions with hot, dry summers.

Page 7: Nitrogen Cycle

The page explains the nitrogen cycle and its importance in biological systems.

Definition: The nitrogen cycle is the cyclic movement of nitrogen between living organisms and the environment.

Highlight: Nitrogen comprises 78% of the atmosphere and is essential for making proteins and nucleic acids.

Vocabulary: Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into biologically usable forms.

Page 2: Ecological Relationships

This page delves deeper into various types of species interactions and relationships within ecosystems, particularly focusing on symbiotic relationships.

Definition: Symbiosis refers to close, long-term interactions between two species in an ecosystem.

Example: Clownfish and sea anemones demonstrate mutualism, where both species benefit from the relationship.

Vocabulary:

Commensalism: One species benefits while the other is unaffected
Parasitism: One organism (parasite) benefits while harming the host
Competition: Organisms competing for limited resources

Highlight: Understanding different types of competition is crucial for ecosystem dynamics:

Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species
Resource partitioning helps species coexist by utilizing different parts of the environment

Page 1: Fundamental Ecosystem Concepts

This page introduces core concepts of AP Environmental Science and ecosystem structures. The content focuses on basic definitions and interactions within ecosystems.

Definition: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment as a system.

Vocabulary:

Abiotic: Non-living components including atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
Biotic: Living components including animals, plants, fungi, bacteria
Population: Group of organisms of the same species
Community: Different species populations in the same geographic area
Habitat: Environment where an organism lives
Ecological niche: Species' role in its environment

Example: Resource partitioning occurs when species share resources without conflict, demonstrating how organisms can coexist in the same environment.

Highlight: Symbiotic relationships play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning, with mutualism benefiting both organisms involved.

Page 3: Terrestrial Biomes

The page details the classification and characteristics of land-based ecosystems, introducing the concept of biomes and their determining factors.

Vocabulary: Climate refers to long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and rainfall in an area.

Highlight: Ecosystems are categorized into biomes and aquatic life zones based on climate, geology, soils, hydrology, and vegetation patterns.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User