A comprehensive guide to energy transfer and states of matter... Show more
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2
0
nornor
8/27/2025
Physics
Energy transfer, power & efficiency, particle model, change of state, pressure in fluids, force
156
•
Aug 27, 2025
•
How Energy Moves and How We Stay Cool
nornor
@milk7ar0
Page 2: Heat Transfer Methods and Applications
This section delves deeper into the mechanisms of heat transfer and their practical applications in building design and insulation.
Definition: Thermal conductors are materials through which energy transfers easily, typically metals.
Example: Houses in cold climates utilize insulation and heating systems, while houses in hot climates often feature white paint to reflect infrared radiation.
Highlight: Vacuum flasks demonstrate multiple heat transfer prevention methods, including vacuum layers to prevent conduction and convection.
Page 3: Power and Efficiency Concepts
The page focuses on power measurements, efficiency calculations, and practical energy usage considerations.
Definition: Power is the amount of energy transferred per second by an appliance, measured in watts (W).
Vocabulary: Kilowatt-hour (kWh) - The amount of energy transferred in 1 hour by a kilowatt-rated appliance.
Example: The efficiency formula: efficiency = (useful energy transferred ÷ total energy supplied) × 100%
Page 4: Particle Model and States of Matter
This section explains the particle theory and properties of different states of matter.
Definition: The particle model is a theory explaining the properties and behaviors of solids, liquids, and gases.
Highlight: Brownian motion demonstrates the constant movement of particles in liquids and gases.
Example: Materials expand when heated because particles vibrate more vigorously, taking up more space.
Page 5: Density and State Changes
The final page covers density calculations and phase transitions between states of matter.
Definition: Density is the mass of a certain volume of material, calculated as mass divided by volume.
Vocabulary: Sublimation - The direct transition of a substance from solid to gas state.
Example: Evaporation can occur at any temperature at a liquid's surface, while boiling occurs throughout the liquid at its boiling point.
Page 5: Density and State Changes
This page focuses on density calculations and the various processes of state changes in matter.
Definition: Density is the mass of a certain volume of material, calculated as mass divided by volume.
Vocabulary: State changes include melting, freezing, condensing, sublimation, and evaporation.
Example: Evaporation can occur at the surface of a liquid at any temperature, while boiling occurs within the liquid at a specific temperature point.
Page 6: Pressure in Fluids
This page examines pressure in fluids and its relationship with temperature and volume.
Highlight: Pressure in fluids increases with temperature due to faster particle movement and more frequent collisions with container walls.
Example: In oceans, pressure increases with depth due to the increasing weight of water above, while on mountains, air pressure decreases with altitude due to less air above.
Page 1: Energy Transfer Fundamentals
This page introduces the fundamental concepts of energy transfer and temperature relationships. The content explores how energy moves between objects and various transfer mechanisms.
Definition: Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius and represents the amount of energy stored in particles, measured in joules (J).
Highlight: Energy always transfers from hotter objects to cooler ones, following the fundamental laws of thermodynamics.
Example: During evaporation, the fastest-moving particles escape a liquid to form a gas, resulting in cooling of the remaining liquid.
Vocabulary: Radiation - A method of energy transfer through electromagnetic waves, particularly infrared radiation.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
How Energy Moves and How We Stay Cool
nornor
@milk7ar0
A comprehensive guide to energy transfer and states of matter covering key physics concepts including energy transfer processes in physics, thermal dynamics, and pressure systems.
• The guide explores fundamental concepts of energy transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation... Show more
Page 2: Heat Transfer Methods and Applications
This section delves deeper into the mechanisms of heat transfer and their practical applications in building design and insulation.
Definition: Thermal conductors are materials through which energy transfers easily, typically metals.
Example: Houses in cold climates utilize insulation and heating systems, while houses in hot climates often feature white paint to reflect infrared radiation.
Highlight: Vacuum flasks demonstrate multiple heat transfer prevention methods, including vacuum layers to prevent conduction and convection.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 3: Power and Efficiency Concepts
The page focuses on power measurements, efficiency calculations, and practical energy usage considerations.
Definition: Power is the amount of energy transferred per second by an appliance, measured in watts (W).
Vocabulary: Kilowatt-hour (kWh) - The amount of energy transferred in 1 hour by a kilowatt-rated appliance.
Example: The efficiency formula: efficiency = (useful energy transferred ÷ total energy supplied) × 100%
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 4: Particle Model and States of Matter
This section explains the particle theory and properties of different states of matter.
Definition: The particle model is a theory explaining the properties and behaviors of solids, liquids, and gases.
Highlight: Brownian motion demonstrates the constant movement of particles in liquids and gases.
Example: Materials expand when heated because particles vibrate more vigorously, taking up more space.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 5: Density and State Changes
The final page covers density calculations and phase transitions between states of matter.
Definition: Density is the mass of a certain volume of material, calculated as mass divided by volume.
Vocabulary: Sublimation - The direct transition of a substance from solid to gas state.
Example: Evaporation can occur at any temperature at a liquid's surface, while boiling occurs throughout the liquid at its boiling point.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 5: Density and State Changes
This page focuses on density calculations and the various processes of state changes in matter.
Definition: Density is the mass of a certain volume of material, calculated as mass divided by volume.
Vocabulary: State changes include melting, freezing, condensing, sublimation, and evaporation.
Example: Evaporation can occur at the surface of a liquid at any temperature, while boiling occurs within the liquid at a specific temperature point.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 6: Pressure in Fluids
This page examines pressure in fluids and its relationship with temperature and volume.
Highlight: Pressure in fluids increases with temperature due to faster particle movement and more frequent collisions with container walls.
Example: In oceans, pressure increases with depth due to the increasing weight of water above, while on mountains, air pressure decreases with altitude due to less air above.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Page 1: Energy Transfer Fundamentals
This page introduces the fundamental concepts of energy transfer and temperature relationships. The content explores how energy moves between objects and various transfer mechanisms.
Definition: Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius and represents the amount of energy stored in particles, measured in joules (J).
Highlight: Energy always transfers from hotter objects to cooler ones, following the fundamental laws of thermodynamics.
Example: During evaporation, the fastest-moving particles escape a liquid to form a gas, resulting in cooling of the remaining liquid.
Vocabulary: Radiation - A method of energy transfer through electromagnetic waves, particularly infrared radiation.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user