Subjects

AP Psychology

Research methods in psychology

Experimental design and variables

AP Psych Unit 1: Longitudinal Studies, Disadvantages, and Quizlet Flashcards

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AP Psych Unit 1: Longitudinal Studies, Disadvantages, and Quizlet Flashcards

Joy

@literallyjustjoy_

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Psychology research methods and key concepts are explored, covering longitudinal studies, experimental design, correlation, and statistical measures. Longitudinal study psychology advantages and disadvantages are discussed, along with experimental controls like double-blind studies. Various psychology perspectives and research approaches are outlined, emphasizing the importance of understanding correlation vs. causation.

• Longitudinal studies involve repeated observations over time but have drawbacks like time requirements and potential attrition
• Double-blind control helps reduce bias in experiments
• Behavioral psychology focuses on how environment and reinforcement shape behavior
• Correlation does not imply causation - this is a key concept to understand
• Different psychology perspectives include biological, evolutionary, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and more
• Experimental research manipulates variables, while correlational research measures relationships without manipulation

2/6/2023

178

What is the correlation thing
AP Psychology Test Review For Test One
2021 - 40 Multiple Choice
(Finished)
● Name some disadvantages of longi

Longitudinal Studies and Research Design

This section covers key concepts in psychological research methods, focusing on longitudinal studies and experimental design.

Longitudinal studies involve repeated observations of the same variables over an extended period. While they can provide valuable long-term data, they have several disadvantages:

Highlight: A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that they require significant time investments, may gather unreliable data over time, risk participant dropout (panel attrition), need large sample sizes, and can be more expensive than cross-sectional studies.

The double-blind control is an important technique in experimental design:

Definition: A double-blind control is a type of clinical trial where neither the participants nor the researchers know which treatment or intervention is being received until the study concludes. This helps reduce bias in the results.

Behavioral psychologists focus on studying human behavior and treating mental issues based on the theory that all behaviors result from environmental stimuli and reinforcement.

Example: A behavioral psychologist might study how positive reinforcement affects learning in classroom settings.

When designing experiments, it's crucial to understand the different components:

Independent variable: What is changed or manipulated in the experiment
Dependent variable: What is measured or studied as a result of the independent variable
Confounding variable: An uncontrolled factor that may influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

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Experimental vs. Correlational Research

This section compares experimental and correlational research methods in psychology.

Definition: In experimental research, researchers manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on a dependent variable, while controlling other variables. Correlational research measures variables without manipulation to examine relationships between them.

Example: An experimental study might manipulate sleep duration (independent variable) to measure its effect on cognitive performance (dependent variable). A correlational study might examine the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive performance without manipulating either variable.

Gestalt psychology is introduced:

Definition: Gestalt psychology is a school of thought that examines the human mind and behavior as a whole, rather than as individual components.

Understanding scatter plots is crucial for interpreting correlational data:

Highlight: Scatter plots graph pairs of numerical data to visualize relationships between variables. The closer the points hug a line or curve, the stronger the correlation.

The concept of skewed distributions is also covered:

Vocabulary: A negatively skewed distribution has a longer tail on the left side of the graph, with the bulk of the data on the right side.

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Correlation and Distribution

This page focuses on correlation coefficients and different types of statistical distributions.

Definition: Correlation coefficient AP Psychology definition: A measure that reveals the extent to which two variables are related, ranging from -1.00 to +1.00. The closer the coefficient is to either extreme, the stronger the correlation.

Types of correlations:

Perfect positive correlation (+1.00): As one variable increases, the other increases proportionally
No relationship (0.00): No consistent relationship between variables
Perfect negative correlation (-1.00): As one variable increases, the other decreases proportionally

Highlight: Most real-world data will not produce a perfect correlation.

Statistical distributions are also discussed:

Definition: Normal Distribution (Bell Curve): A symmetrical distribution produced when a large group's variables are tested. The mode, median, and mean are at the center point.

Example: Intelligence, shoe size, and height often follow a normal distribution in large populations.

Skewed distributions are contrasted with normal distributions:

Positive skew: Scores pull the mean toward the higher end of the distribution
Negative skew: Scores pull the mean toward the lower end of the distribution

Vocabulary: Skew refers to the asymmetry in a statistical distribution.

The page concludes by mentioning different types of psychologists, highlighting the diverse specializations within the field of psychology.

View

Experimenter Bias and Correlation

This page delves into experimenter bias and the concept of correlation in psychological research.

Definition: Experimenter bias AP psychology Definition refers to the unconscious influence a researcher may have on the results, data, or participants in an experiment due to subjective factors.

Understanding correlation is crucial in psychological research:

Highlight: Correlational studies do not imply causation. This means that just because two variables are related, it doesn't necessarily mean that one causes the other.

Correlation is typically depicted using a scatter plot, which is useful for displaying relationships between two quantitative variables.

Example: A scatter plot might show the relationship between hours spent studying and test scores.

Statistical measures are important in analyzing data:

Mode: The most common number in a dataset
Mean: The average (sum divided by the number of values)
Median: The middle number when values are arranged from smallest to largest

Different perspectives in psychology include:

Biological Psychology: Focuses on how the brain and body physically create thoughts and emotions
Evolutionary Psychology: Examines how natural selection has influenced genetic adaptations
Behavioral Genetics: Studies how genes and environment influence individual differences
Psychodynamic: Explores the unconscious mind as a director of behavior
Behavioral: Investigates how behavior is shaped by learning processes
Cognitive: Examines how we process, store, and retrieve information
Humanistic: Emphasizes human growth, potential, and self-actualization
Social-cultural: Considers human behavior within social and cultural contexts

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

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Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Subjects

AP Psychology

Research methods in psychology

Experimental design and variables

AP Psych Unit 1: Longitudinal Studies, Disadvantages, and Quizlet Flashcards

Joy

@literallyjustjoy_

45 Followers

2/6/2023

178

AP Psychology

Longitudinal Studies and Research Design

This section covers key concepts in psychological research methods, focusing on longitudinal studies and experimental design.

Longitudinal studies involve repeated observations of the same variables over an extended period. While they can provide valuable long-term data, they have several disadvantages:

Highlight: A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that they require significant time investments, may gather unreliable data over time, risk participant dropout (panel attrition), need large sample sizes, and can be more expensive than cross-sectional studies.

The double-blind control is an important technique in experimental design:

Definition: A double-blind control is a type of clinical trial where neither the participants nor the researchers know which treatment or intervention is being received until the study concludes. This helps reduce bias in the results.

Behavioral psychologists focus on studying human behavior and treating mental issues based on the theory that all behaviors result from environmental stimuli and reinforcement.

Example: A behavioral psychologist might study how positive reinforcement affects learning in classroom settings.

When designing experiments, it's crucial to understand the different components:

Independent variable: What is changed or manipulated in the experiment
Dependent variable: What is measured or studied as a result of the independent variable
Confounding variable: An uncontrolled factor that may influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

Experimental vs. Correlational Research

This section compares experimental and correlational research methods in psychology.

Definition: In experimental research, researchers manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on a dependent variable, while controlling other variables. Correlational research measures variables without manipulation to examine relationships between them.

Example: An experimental study might manipulate sleep duration (independent variable) to measure its effect on cognitive performance (dependent variable). A correlational study might examine the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive performance without manipulating either variable.

Gestalt psychology is introduced:

Definition: Gestalt psychology is a school of thought that examines the human mind and behavior as a whole, rather than as individual components.

Understanding scatter plots is crucial for interpreting correlational data:

Highlight: Scatter plots graph pairs of numerical data to visualize relationships between variables. The closer the points hug a line or curve, the stronger the correlation.

The concept of skewed distributions is also covered:

Vocabulary: A negatively skewed distribution has a longer tail on the left side of the graph, with the bulk of the data on the right side.

Correlation and Distribution

This page focuses on correlation coefficients and different types of statistical distributions.

Definition: Correlation coefficient AP Psychology definition: A measure that reveals the extent to which two variables are related, ranging from -1.00 to +1.00. The closer the coefficient is to either extreme, the stronger the correlation.

Types of correlations:

Perfect positive correlation (+1.00): As one variable increases, the other increases proportionally
No relationship (0.00): No consistent relationship between variables
Perfect negative correlation (-1.00): As one variable increases, the other decreases proportionally

Highlight: Most real-world data will not produce a perfect correlation.

Statistical distributions are also discussed:

Definition: Normal Distribution (Bell Curve): A symmetrical distribution produced when a large group's variables are tested. The mode, median, and mean are at the center point.

Example: Intelligence, shoe size, and height often follow a normal distribution in large populations.

Skewed distributions are contrasted with normal distributions:

Positive skew: Scores pull the mean toward the higher end of the distribution
Negative skew: Scores pull the mean toward the lower end of the distribution

Vocabulary: Skew refers to the asymmetry in a statistical distribution.

The page concludes by mentioning different types of psychologists, highlighting the diverse specializations within the field of psychology.

Experimenter Bias and Correlation

This page delves into experimenter bias and the concept of correlation in psychological research.

Definition: Experimenter bias AP psychology Definition refers to the unconscious influence a researcher may have on the results, data, or participants in an experiment due to subjective factors.

Understanding correlation is crucial in psychological research:

Highlight: Correlational studies do not imply causation. This means that just because two variables are related, it doesn't necessarily mean that one causes the other.

Correlation is typically depicted using a scatter plot, which is useful for displaying relationships between two quantitative variables.

Example: A scatter plot might show the relationship between hours spent studying and test scores.

Statistical measures are important in analyzing data:

Mode: The most common number in a dataset
Mean: The average (sum divided by the number of values)
Median: The middle number when values are arranged from smallest to largest

Different perspectives in psychology include:

Biological Psychology: Focuses on how the brain and body physically create thoughts and emotions
Evolutionary Psychology: Examines how natural selection has influenced genetic adaptations
Behavioral Genetics: Studies how genes and environment influence individual differences
Psychodynamic: Explores the unconscious mind as a director of behavior
Behavioral: Investigates how behavior is shaped by learning processes
Cognitive: Examines how we process, store, and retrieve information
Humanistic: Emphasizes human growth, potential, and self-actualization
Social-cultural: Considers human behavior within social and cultural contexts

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

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Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

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In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

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Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

AP Psych Unit 1: Longitudinal Studies, Disadvantages, and Quizlet Flashcards

Longitudinal Studies and Research Design

Experimental vs. Correlational Research

Correlation and Distribution

Experimenter Bias and Correlation

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

AP Psych Unit 1: Longitudinal Studies, Disadvantages, and Quizlet Flashcards

Longitudinal Studies and Research Design

Experimental vs. Correlational Research

Correlation and Distribution

Experimenter Bias and Correlation

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying