Socialization and Measurement in Eysenck's Theory
Eysenck's Criminal Personality Theory emphasizes the role of socialization in criminal behavior. Socialization is the process of learning to delay gratification and adhere to social standards. According to the theory, offenders are often developmentally immature, exhibiting selfish behavior and a desire for immediate gratification.
Definition: Socialization in this context refers to the process by which individuals learn to conform to society's norms and expectations.
A key aspect of the theory is that individuals with high scores on the Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N) dimensions are less likely to be affected by socialization efforts. This reduced susceptibility to socialization is thought to contribute to their increased likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior.
To measure these personality traits, Eysenck developed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). This tool places respondents on the E, N, and P dimensions, providing a quantitative measure of an individual's personality profile.
Highlight: The ability to measure personality traits through the EPQ is crucial for supporting and testing Eysenck's theory.
Research support for the theory includes a study by Eysenck and Eysenck (1977), which compared EPQ scores of 2,070 male prisoners to 2,422 male controls. The results showed that prisoners had higher scores on extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism, aligning with the theory's predictions.
Example: An online version of the EPQ is available at https://similarminds.com/eysenck.html, allowing individuals to assess their own personality traits in relation to Eysenck's dimensions.
However, it's important to note that not all research supports Eysenck's theory. A meta-analysis by Farrington et al. (1982) found that while criminals scored higher on psychoticism, they did not consistently score higher on extraversion and neuroticism.
