The Portuguese significantly transformed maritime trade in the Indian Ocean during the 16th century, establishing control through force and reshaping existing trade networks. Their impact was felt across economic, political, and social spheres.
Key points:
- Portuguese implemented a pass system for vessels, requiring fees
- Muslim and Hindu merchants were displaced from traditional trading roles
- Portuguese established forts and trading posts, often through conquest
- Some existing trade practices continued alongside Portuguese control
- Cultural exchanges occurred, as evidenced by luxury goods traded