Biology
Chemistry
AP Chemistry
English
AP English Literature
AP World History
Dec 1, 2025
53
3 pages
Kaitlyn @aitlyn_kjzcqssbsciny
Land-based empires dominated world politics from 1450-1750, expanding their territories through military might and administrative systems. During this... Show more
Ever wonder how empires became so powerful centuries ago? Land-based empires gained their strength through territorial expansion, administrative systems, and promoting specific belief systems. These massive political entities dominated the world stage during the early modern period.
The Ottoman Empire, ruled by Sunni Muslims, expanded rapidly using gunpowder weapons that had spread through trade routes from China. They conquered Constantinople (renaming it Istanbul), the heart of the former Roman Empire, before pushing into Eastern Europe. The Ottomans enslaved Christians, converted them to Islam, and trained some as elite Janissaries for their military.
The Safavid Empire practiced Shi'a Islam and controlled much of the Middle East. Unlike the Ottomans, Safavid rulers had to be blood relatives of Muhammad. They also expanded quickly using gunpowder technology but faced challenges due to a lack of natural defensive barriers. The Safavids were ruled by a Shah and maintained an enslaved army.
Did You Know? While both the Ottoman and Safavid empires were Islamic, their different branches of Islam (Sunni vs. Shi'a) created intense rivalries and conflicts between these powerful neighbors.
The Mughal Empire overthrew the Delhi Sultanate and rapidly grew through military campaigns. Under Emperor Akbar, the empire thrived due to his religious tolerance—allowing prosperity despite being Muslim rulers governing a predominantly Hindu population.
The Qing Dynasty replaced the ethnically Han Ming Dynasty in China. The Manchu people established the Qing and, like other land empires of this period, expanded quickly by leveraging gunpowder technology.
All these land-based empires shared common features rapid expansion, effective use of gunpowder weapons, and (in the case of the Qing and Mughals) rulers who were ethnically different from most of their subjects. Their rivalries often centered on border disputes and religious differences.
To maintain control, empires developed sophisticated administrative methods including large bureaucracies. The Ottomans implemented the Devshirme system, where promising enslaved Christians were trained for government positions. Military professionals like the Janissaries became crucial to imperial power.
Remember This Rulers had to both "legitimize" their authority (establish why they deserved to rule) and "consolidate" their power (transfer authority from other groups to themselves) to maintain stable empires.
Empires used various techniques to strengthen their rule. They created religious justifications like the Divine Right of Kings, claiming monarchs represented God on earth. Imperial portraits depicting rulers as wise and powerful served as early public relations campaigns, while impressive architecture like the Palace of Versailles demonstrated wealth and consolidated power.
Tax collection innovations helped fund these massive states. The Mughals used the Zamindar System, where landowners collected taxes from peasants. The Ottomans practiced tax farming, auctioning tax collection rights to the highest bidder. The Aztecs maintained tribute lists detailing what subjects owed to the government.
Religious systems underwent significant changes during this period. In Europe, Christianity faced challenges due to church corruption including simony (selling church positions) and indulgences (paying to be relieved of sins). Martin Luther's criticisms, spread through the new printing press technology, sparked the Protestant Reformation.
Islam developed differently across empires. The Safavids' embrace of Shi'a Islam intensified the split with Sunni Muslims. Meanwhile, Sikhism emerged as a new faith combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.
Big Picture While these empires often used similar techniques to maintain power, their different religious and cultural foundations led to unique governing styles and societal structures.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Kaitlyn
@aitlyn_kjzcqssbsciny
Land-based empires dominated world politics from 1450-1750, expanding their territories through military might and administrative systems. During this era, the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire, and Qing Dynasty emerged as powerful forces, each with unique governing approaches and religious... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Ever wonder how empires became so powerful centuries ago? Land-based empires gained their strength through territorial expansion, administrative systems, and promoting specific belief systems. These massive political entities dominated the world stage during the early modern period.
The Ottoman Empire, ruled by Sunni Muslims, expanded rapidly using gunpowder weapons that had spread through trade routes from China. They conquered Constantinople (renaming it Istanbul), the heart of the former Roman Empire, before pushing into Eastern Europe. The Ottomans enslaved Christians, converted them to Islam, and trained some as elite Janissaries for their military.
The Safavid Empire practiced Shi'a Islam and controlled much of the Middle East. Unlike the Ottomans, Safavid rulers had to be blood relatives of Muhammad. They also expanded quickly using gunpowder technology but faced challenges due to a lack of natural defensive barriers. The Safavids were ruled by a Shah and maintained an enslaved army.
Did You Know? While both the Ottoman and Safavid empires were Islamic, their different branches of Islam (Sunni vs. Shi'a) created intense rivalries and conflicts between these powerful neighbors.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Mughal Empire overthrew the Delhi Sultanate and rapidly grew through military campaigns. Under Emperor Akbar, the empire thrived due to his religious tolerance—allowing prosperity despite being Muslim rulers governing a predominantly Hindu population.
The Qing Dynasty replaced the ethnically Han Ming Dynasty in China. The Manchu people established the Qing and, like other land empires of this period, expanded quickly by leveraging gunpowder technology.
All these land-based empires shared common features: rapid expansion, effective use of gunpowder weapons, and (in the case of the Qing and Mughals) rulers who were ethnically different from most of their subjects. Their rivalries often centered on border disputes and religious differences.
To maintain control, empires developed sophisticated administrative methods including large bureaucracies. The Ottomans implemented the Devshirme system, where promising enslaved Christians were trained for government positions. Military professionals like the Janissaries became crucial to imperial power.
Remember This: Rulers had to both "legitimize" their authority (establish why they deserved to rule) and "consolidate" their power (transfer authority from other groups to themselves) to maintain stable empires.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Empires used various techniques to strengthen their rule. They created religious justifications like the Divine Right of Kings, claiming monarchs represented God on earth. Imperial portraits depicting rulers as wise and powerful served as early public relations campaigns, while impressive architecture like the Palace of Versailles demonstrated wealth and consolidated power.
Tax collection innovations helped fund these massive states. The Mughals used the Zamindar System, where landowners collected taxes from peasants. The Ottomans practiced tax farming, auctioning tax collection rights to the highest bidder. The Aztecs maintained tribute lists detailing what subjects owed to the government.
Religious systems underwent significant changes during this period. In Europe, Christianity faced challenges due to church corruption including simony (selling church positions) and indulgences (paying to be relieved of sins). Martin Luther's criticisms, spread through the new printing press technology, sparked the Protestant Reformation.
Islam developed differently across empires. The Safavids' embrace of Shi'a Islam intensified the split with Sunni Muslims. Meanwhile, Sikhism emerged as a new faith combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.
Big Picture: While these empires often used similar techniques to maintain power, their different religious and cultural foundations led to unique governing styles and societal structures.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
0
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Algebra
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