Subjects

AP World History

1450 - 1750 renaissance and reformation

Sikhism

How Empires Grew with Gunpower, South Asia's Religion Changes in 1450, and Martin Luther's Impact on Protestantism

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How Empires Grew with Gunpower, South Asia's Religion Changes in 1450, and Martin Luther's Impact on Protestantism

Haziel Panton

@hazielpanton_pzdc

18 Followers

The impact of Martin Luther on Protestantism and the expansion of land-based empires through gunpowder were significant developments between 1450-1750 CE. This period saw major religious changes, including the Protestant Reformation and shifts in South Asian religious practices. Key empires like the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals expanded their territories using advanced weaponry.

• The era witnessed the rise of gunpowder empires and religious transformations across Europe and Asia.
• Land-based empires consolidated power through bureaucracy, taxation, architecture, and art.
• Martin Luther's 95 Theses sparked the Protestant Reformation, challenging Catholic practices.
• Religious tolerance varied, with some rulers promoting inclusivity while others enforced strict orthodoxy.

6/3/2023

113

Unit 3 Aim: Why were land based empires able to develop and expand?
Wednesday, October 20, 2021 1:49 PM
Vocabulary: Gunpowder Empires, Ottom

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

This page delves into Martin Luther's impact on Christianity and the birth of Protestantism. The impact of Martin Luther on Protestantism was profound and led to a significant split within Western Christianity.

Key events and concepts:

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses, criticizing Catholic practices, particularly the sale of indulgences.
The Gutenberg Printing Press played a crucial role in spreading Luther's ideas across Europe.
Luther's teachings emphasized "Faith Alone" and "Scripture Alone" as the basis for salvation and religious authority.
The Protestant Reformation led to the emergence of various Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism.

Vocabulary: Indulgences were pardons sold by the Catholic Church, supposedly reducing time in purgatory.

Highlight: The Protestant Reformation marked a significant shift in Western Christianity, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and promoting individual interpretation of scripture.

Quote: "Faith Alone: Salvation comes from faith in Jesus" - This summarizes one of Luther's core teachings.

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The Counter-Reformation

This page introduces the concept of the Counter-Reformation, which was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation. The Counter-Reformation was an effort by the Catholic Church to reform its practices, defend its faith, and counter the spread of Protestantism.

Definition: Counter-Reformation refers to the period of Catholic revival and reform in response to the Protestant Reformation.

The Catholic Church implemented various measures to address the criticisms raised by Protestant reformers and to strengthen its position. These efforts included:

Internal reforms to address corruption and improve education for clergy
Reaffirmation of Catholic doctrines
Establishment of new religious orders, such as the Jesuits
Use of art and architecture to inspire religious devotion

The Counter-Reformation had a significant impact on the Catholic Church and helped to revitalize its influence in many parts of Europe.

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Religious Changes in South Asia

This page focuses on the religious changes that occurred in South Asia around 1450 CE. The Mughal Empire, which ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent, played a significant role in shaping the religious landscape of the region.

Vocabulary: Religious Tolerance refers to the acceptance and respect for different religious beliefs and practices.

Example: Akbar, one of the most famous Mughal emperors, is known for his policy of religious tolerance. He encouraged dialogue between different faiths and even created a syncretic religion called Din-i-Ilahi.

The changes in South Asian religion in 1450 were characterized by a growing emphasis on religious tolerance and syncretism, particularly under certain Mughal rulers. This period saw attempts to bridge the gaps between different religious communities, including Hindus, Muslims, and other faiths present in the region.

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Religious Toleration from 1450 to 1750 CE

This page explores the extent of religious toleration during the period from 1450 to 1750 CE. Religious tolerance varied greatly across different regions and under different rulers during this time.

Some key points to consider:

In some areas, such as the Mughal Empire under Akbar, there were periods of significant religious tolerance and attempts at syncretism.
In contrast, events like the Spanish Inquisition demonstrate extreme religious intolerance in other parts of the world.
The Protestant Reformation and subsequent religious wars in Europe led to varying degrees of tolerance and intolerance depending on the region and time period.

Vocabulary: Religious Toleration refers to the acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices within a society.

Example: The Ottoman Empire, while officially Islamic, often allowed religious minorities such as Christians and Jews to practice their faiths, albeit with certain restrictions.

In addition to these examples, it's important to note that religious tolerance often fluctuated over time and could vary significantly even within the same empire or kingdom, depending on the policies of individual rulers and changing political circumstances.

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Consolidation of Power by Rulers

This page examines how rulers around the world legitimized and consolidated their power during this period. Several key strategies were employed:

Bureaucratic Elites and Military Professionals: Rulers relied on highly trained officials to run their governments and professional soldiers to maintain military strength.
Tax Collection: Efficient tax systems were crucial for funding the empire's activities and maintaining power.
Monumental Architecture: Large public buildings were constructed to showcase the ruler's power and wealth.
Art: Imperial portraits and other forms of art were used to project the ruler's image and authority.

Example: The Ottoman Empire employed viziers as high-ranking officials to manage government affairs, while the Janissaries served as their elite military force.

Vocabulary: Divine Right refers to the belief that a monarch's right to rule comes directly from God.

Definition: Absolute Monarchy is a form of government where the monarch holds supreme autocratic authority, unrestrained by laws or a constitution.

Highlight: The tribute system in the Aztec Empire and the use of zamindars in the Mughal Empire demonstrate different approaches to tax collection across cultures.

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Land-Based Empires and Gunpowder

This page introduces the concept of land-based empires and their expansion through the use of gunpowder. Land-based empires derived their power and wealth from agriculture and land-based trade. The gunpowder empires were able to expand their territories during this period due to their advanced weapons technology.

Three major gunpowder empires emerged, all descending from Turkic warrior groups and adhering to Islam:

The Ottoman Empire (North Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe)
The Mughal Empire (South Asia)
The Safavid Empire (Middle East)

Vocabulary: Gunpowder Empires refers to the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires that used advanced firearms to expand their territories.

Highlight: The Ottomans and Mughals were Sunni Muslims, while the Safavids were Shia Muslims, showcasing the diversity within Islamic empires of the time.

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The Spanish Inquisition and Religious Intolerance

This page examines the Spanish Inquisition as an example of religious intolerance in Europe during this period. The Spanish Inquisition was a judicial institution established by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms.

Vocabulary: La Reconquista refers to the centuries-long process by which Christian kingdoms reconquered the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

Key points about the Spanish Inquisition:

It followed the Reconquista, during which Christian armies gradually drove Muslims out of Spain and Portugal.
From 1492 to 1502, all Jews and Muslims in Spain were ordered to either convert to Catholicism or leave the country.
The Inquisition was established to investigate the sincerity of these converts and root out heretics.
Torture was often used as a means to extract confessions from suspected heretics.

Highlight: The Spanish Inquisition represents a stark contrast to the religious tolerance seen in some other parts of the world during this period, such as in the Mughal Empire under Akbar.

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

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Students use Knowunity

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In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

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I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

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The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

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Subjects

AP World History

1450 - 1750 renaissance and reformation

Sikhism

How Empires Grew with Gunpower, South Asia's Religion Changes in 1450, and Martin Luther's Impact on Protestantism

Haziel Panton

@hazielpanton_pzdc

18 Followers

6/3/2023

113

10th

AP World History

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

Key events and concepts:

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses, criticizing Catholic practices, particularly the sale of indulgences.
The Gutenberg Printing Press played a crucial role in spreading Luther's ideas across Europe.
Luther's teachings emphasized "Faith Alone" and "Scripture Alone" as the basis for salvation and religious authority.
The Protestant Reformation led to the emergence of various Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism.

Vocabulary: Indulgences were pardons sold by the Catholic Church, supposedly reducing time in purgatory.

Highlight: The Protestant Reformation marked a significant shift in Western Christianity, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and promoting individual interpretation of scripture.

Quote: "Faith Alone: Salvation comes from faith in Jesus" - This summarizes one of Luther's core teachings.

The Counter-Reformation

Definition: Counter-Reformation refers to the period of Catholic revival and reform in response to the Protestant Reformation.

The Catholic Church implemented various measures to address the criticisms raised by Protestant reformers and to strengthen its position. These efforts included:

Internal reforms to address corruption and improve education for clergy
Reaffirmation of Catholic doctrines
Establishment of new religious orders, such as the Jesuits
Use of art and architecture to inspire religious devotion

The Counter-Reformation had a significant impact on the Catholic Church and helped to revitalize its influence in many parts of Europe.

Religious Changes in South Asia

Vocabulary: Religious Tolerance refers to the acceptance and respect for different religious beliefs and practices.

Example: Akbar, one of the most famous Mughal emperors, is known for his policy of religious tolerance. He encouraged dialogue between different faiths and even created a syncretic religion called Din-i-Ilahi.

Religious Toleration from 1450 to 1750 CE

This page explores the extent of religious toleration during the period from 1450 to 1750 CE. Religious tolerance varied greatly across different regions and under different rulers during this time.

Some key points to consider:

In some areas, such as the Mughal Empire under Akbar, there were periods of significant religious tolerance and attempts at syncretism.
In contrast, events like the Spanish Inquisition demonstrate extreme religious intolerance in other parts of the world.
The Protestant Reformation and subsequent religious wars in Europe led to varying degrees of tolerance and intolerance depending on the region and time period.

Vocabulary: Religious Toleration refers to the acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices within a society.

Example: The Ottoman Empire, while officially Islamic, often allowed religious minorities such as Christians and Jews to practice their faiths, albeit with certain restrictions.

Consolidation of Power by Rulers

This page examines how rulers around the world legitimized and consolidated their power during this period. Several key strategies were employed:

Bureaucratic Elites and Military Professionals: Rulers relied on highly trained officials to run their governments and professional soldiers to maintain military strength.
Tax Collection: Efficient tax systems were crucial for funding the empire's activities and maintaining power.
Monumental Architecture: Large public buildings were constructed to showcase the ruler's power and wealth.
Art: Imperial portraits and other forms of art were used to project the ruler's image and authority.

Example: The Ottoman Empire employed viziers as high-ranking officials to manage government affairs, while the Janissaries served as their elite military force.

Vocabulary: Divine Right refers to the belief that a monarch's right to rule comes directly from God.

Definition: Absolute Monarchy is a form of government where the monarch holds supreme autocratic authority, unrestrained by laws or a constitution.

Highlight: The tribute system in the Aztec Empire and the use of zamindars in the Mughal Empire demonstrate different approaches to tax collection across cultures.

Land-Based Empires and Gunpowder

Three major gunpowder empires emerged, all descending from Turkic warrior groups and adhering to Islam:

The Ottoman Empire (North Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe)
The Mughal Empire (South Asia)
The Safavid Empire (Middle East)

Vocabulary: Gunpowder Empires refers to the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires that used advanced firearms to expand their territories.

Highlight: The Ottomans and Mughals were Sunni Muslims, while the Safavids were Shia Muslims, showcasing the diversity within Islamic empires of the time.

The Spanish Inquisition and Religious Intolerance

Vocabulary: La Reconquista refers to the centuries-long process by which Christian kingdoms reconquered the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

Key points about the Spanish Inquisition:

It followed the Reconquista, during which Christian armies gradually drove Muslims out of Spain and Portugal.
From 1492 to 1502, all Jews and Muslims in Spain were ordered to either convert to Catholicism or leave the country.
The Inquisition was established to investigate the sincerity of these converts and root out heretics.
Torture was often used as a means to extract confessions from suspected heretics.

Highlight: The Spanish Inquisition represents a stark contrast to the religious tolerance seen in some other parts of the world during this period, such as in the Mughal Empire under Akbar.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User