Understanding the fundamentals of algebra requires mastering key concepts like expressions, equations, and mathematical operations. This detailed algebra review will help students build a strong foundation in algebraic principles.

Definition: An expression is a mathematical phrase containing numbers and variables without an equal sign, while an equation includes an equal sign that shows two expressions are equivalent.

When working with algebraic expressions, the primary goal is simplification - reducing terms to their most basic form. This process makes expressions more manageable and easier to work with in complex problems. Let's explore the essential components of simplifying algebraic expressions.

Example: Original expression: x² + 10x - 5x + 4 - 6 Simplified form: x² + 5x - 2 $Combined like terms: 10x and -5x become 5x, 4 and -6 become -2$

The order of operations in PEMDAS $Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication/Division, Addition/Subtraction$ provides the essential framework for solving mathematical problems correctly. This systematic approach ensures consistent results across all types of calculations.

Highlight: Always remember PEMDAS:

• P: Parentheses first
• E: Exponents next
• M/D: Multiplication and Division (left to right)
• A/S: Addition and Subtraction (left to right)

When dealing with complex expressions, breaking them down according to PEMDAS helps prevent common mistakes. Consider expressions with multiple operations carefully, paying special attention to negative numbers and exponents.

Example: Simplify: -2$3 - (-2)(6)$ Step 1: -2$3 - (-12)$ Step 2: -2$3 + 12$ Step 3: -2$15$ Final answer: -30

Working with more complex algebraic expressions requires careful attention to detail and systematic application of mathematical rules. Understanding how to handle multiple terms, variables, and operations simultaneously is crucial for success in algebra.

Vocabulary:

• Coefficient: The numerical factor of a term
• Like terms: Terms with identical variables raised to identical powers
• Distribute: Multiply each term inside parentheses by the factor outside

When simplifying expressions with multiple variables and operations, follow these steps:

1. Distribute any terms outside parentheses
2. Combine like terms within each grouping
3. Simplify numerical operations
4. Combine remaining like terms

Solving equations requires a methodical approach to isolate the variable and find its value. This process involves applying inverse operations in the correct order while maintaining equation balance.

Definition: Solving an equation means finding the value of the variable that makes the equation true.

The key principle in solving equations is performing the same operation on both sides of the equal sign. This maintains the equation's balance while simplifying toward the solution. Work backwards through the order of operations:

1. Address addition/subtraction first
2. Handle multiplication/division next
3. Deal with exponents last
4. Solve any expressions in parentheses

Example: Solve: 5x - 7 = 2 Step 1: Add 7 to both sides: 5x = 9 Step 2: Divide both sides by 5: x = 9/5

Understanding how to convert linear equations into slope-intercept form is a fundamental Algebra 1 topic that helps students analyze and graph lines effectively. The process involves strategic use of mathematical operations and algebraic manipulation to transform any linear equation into the standard y = mx + b format.

Let's examine a detailed example of converting 3x - 2y = 4 into slope-intercept form. The process requires careful attention to the order of operations and proper handling of negative terms. First, we isolate all terms containing y on one side of the equation. By subtracting 3x from both sides, we get -2y = -3x + 4. Then, dividing both sides by -2 yields y = (3/2)x - 2, which is now in slope-intercept form.

Definition: Slope-intercept form $y = mx + b$ is a standard way to write linear equations where m represents the slope and b represents the y-intercept.

When working with linear equations, identifying the slope and y-intercept becomes straightforward once the equation is in slope-intercept form. For example, in y = (3/2)x - 2, we can immediately recognize that m = 3/2 is the slope and b = -2 is the y-intercept. This form is particularly useful for simplifying algebraic expressions and graphing lines.

Writing equations of lines using given information is another crucial skill in algebra 1 review problems. When provided with a slope and a point, we can use the slope-intercept form to determine the complete equation of the line through a systematic approach.

Consider finding the equation of a line with slope -2/3 passing through the point (9, 2). The process involves substituting the known values into y = mx + b and solving for the y-intercept. By plugging in the point coordinates and slope, we get 2 = (-2/3)(9) + b, which simplifies to 2 = -6 + b, leading to b = 8.

Example: To find a line's equation:

1. Start with y = mx + b
2. Substitute known slope for m
3. Use point coordinates for x and y
4. Solve for b
5. Write final equation by combining all parts

The final equation becomes y = (-2/3)x + 8, which represents the unique line satisfying both conditions. This method demonstrates how simplifying algebraic expressions with variables leads to practical solutions in geometry and graphing applications. Understanding this process is essential for success in both algebra 1 review for algebra 2 and more advanced mathematical concepts.

This opening chapter introduces fundamental distinctions between expressions and equations in algebra. The content establishes core concepts essential for algebra 1 review problems.

Definition: An expression is a mathematical phrase containing numbers and variables without an equal sign, while an equation contains an equal sign.

Example: Expressions include "5+3" and "x+3", while equations include "5+3=8" and "x+3=8"

Highlight: The chapter emphasizes the importance of simplifying expressions by combining like terms to create more manageable mathematical statements.