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Raven Danielle
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Cell communication is a vital process that allows cells to respond to environmental changes through signaling pathways. This summary explores the key steps in cell communication, types of signaling, and receptor mechanisms.
Cell signaling pathways involve three main steps: reception, transduction, and response. These pathways enable cells to detect and react to external stimuli, leading to changes in gene expression, metabolism, or membrane potential.
11/7/2023
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Cell communication is crucial for organisms to respond to environmental changes. This process involves:
The cell signaling process consists of three main steps:
Vocabulary:
Highlight: The signaling process is a stepwise series of chemical interactions that convert an external signal into a specific cellular response.
Cells communicate through various signaling pathways by synthesizing and secreting ligands, which are received by receptor proteins on target cells. Ligands can be proteins or steroids, and they may bind to nearby cells or to the cell that produced them.
There are four main categories of chemical signaling:
Direct Contact Signaling:
Autocrine Signaling:
Example: During embryonic development, autocrine signaling helps ensure that cells develop into the correct tissues.
Highlight: The molecular specificity of gap junctions and plasmodesmata allows for efficient signal transmission while maintaining cellular independence.
Paracrine Signaling:
Synaptic Signaling:
Endocrine Signaling:
Vocabulary:
Example: In synaptic signaling, when electrical impulses reach the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released to continue the signal to the next cell's dendrite.
Receptors are protein molecules in the target cell or on its surface that bind to ligands. There are two main types of receptors:
Internal Receptors:
Cell-Surface Receptors:
Definition: An intracellular receptor is a receptor protein located inside the cell that binds to hydrophobic ligands capable of passing through the plasma membrane.
Highlight: The type of receptor (internal or cell-surface) determines how the cell responds to specific ligands and initiates different signaling pathways.
Cell signaling pathways can lead to two main types of responses:
Nuclear Response: This involves changes in gene expression, where information from genes is used to create functional products.
Cytoplasmic Response: This results in changes to the cell's metabolic activities, with metabolic enzymes becoming more or less active.
Additionally, some signaling pathways can cause changes in membrane potential, particularly in neurons where ligands can open ion channels.
The signal transduction pathway typically follows a sequence of events:
Definition: A ligand is a molecule that binds to another molecule, delivering a signal and interacting with proteins in target cells.
Highlight: The activation or deactivation of proteins at each step in the signaling pathway determines whether the final response occurs.
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Biology Topic 7 Ecology Part 2: Environmental change, the Water Cycle and the Carbon Cycle
Detailed notes on part 2 of ecology.
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Students uploaded study notes
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Stefan S, iOS User
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Raven Danielle
@ravendanielle_urrd
·
1 Follower
Follow
Cell communication is a vital process that allows cells to respond to environmental changes through signaling pathways. This summary explores the key steps in cell communication, types of signaling, and receptor mechanisms.
Cell signaling pathways involve three main steps: reception, transduction, and response. These pathways enable cells to detect and react to external stimuli, leading to changes in gene expression, metabolism, or membrane potential.
Cell communication is crucial for organisms to respond to environmental changes. This process involves:
The cell signaling process consists of three main steps:
Vocabulary:
Highlight: The signaling process is a stepwise series of chemical interactions that convert an external signal into a specific cellular response.
Cells communicate through various signaling pathways by synthesizing and secreting ligands, which are received by receptor proteins on target cells. Ligands can be proteins or steroids, and they may bind to nearby cells or to the cell that produced them.
There are four main categories of chemical signaling:
Direct Contact Signaling:
Autocrine Signaling:
Example: During embryonic development, autocrine signaling helps ensure that cells develop into the correct tissues.
Highlight: The molecular specificity of gap junctions and plasmodesmata allows for efficient signal transmission while maintaining cellular independence.
Paracrine Signaling:
Synaptic Signaling:
Endocrine Signaling:
Vocabulary:
Example: In synaptic signaling, when electrical impulses reach the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released to continue the signal to the next cell's dendrite.
Receptors are protein molecules in the target cell or on its surface that bind to ligands. There are two main types of receptors:
Internal Receptors:
Cell-Surface Receptors:
Definition: An intracellular receptor is a receptor protein located inside the cell that binds to hydrophobic ligands capable of passing through the plasma membrane.
Highlight: The type of receptor (internal or cell-surface) determines how the cell responds to specific ligands and initiates different signaling pathways.
Cell signaling pathways can lead to two main types of responses:
Nuclear Response: This involves changes in gene expression, where information from genes is used to create functional products.
Cytoplasmic Response: This results in changes to the cell's metabolic activities, with metabolic enzymes becoming more or less active.
Additionally, some signaling pathways can cause changes in membrane potential, particularly in neurons where ligands can open ion channels.
The signal transduction pathway typically follows a sequence of events:
Definition: A ligand is a molecule that binds to another molecule, delivering a signal and interacting with proteins in target cells.
Highlight: The activation or deactivation of proteins at each step in the signaling pathway determines whether the final response occurs.
Biology - Info of Fossils 2023 PDF
2023 PDF
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0
Biology - Carbon Cycle Notes
diagram of Carbon Cycle and how it relates in the real world. Explains greenhouse effect and disruption in the carbon cycle
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142
0
Health - Anatomy and physiology Tissues
these notes explain types of tissues and their locations and functions with visual pictures and sketches
3
117
0
Biology - Prokaryotic cells VS. Eukaryotic cells
The differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are in the notes. so are the meaning of the words. The colors I used don’t mean anything, It’s a way for me to better organize my notes and they’re not in boring gray so I’ll want to read it more
1
54
0
Biology - Water and It’s Unique Properties
Properties of water, polarity, water cycle.
9
136
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Biology - Biology Topic 7 Ecology Part 2: Environmental change, the Water Cycle and the Carbon Cycle
Detailed notes on part 2 of ecology.
4
127
0
Average App Rating
Students use Knowunity
In Education App Charts in 12 Countries
Students uploaded study notes
iOS User
Stefan S, iOS User
SuSSan, iOS User
