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Cell Transport
10/12/2023
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cell membrane 'aka plasma membrane • . cell transport . flexilole boundry between the cell and its environment allows steady flow of nutrients •Selectively permeable can remove excess nutrients and wastes helps maintain homeostasis • only allow certain things in/out of the cell Phospholipid bilayer •glycerol backbone 2 fatty acid chains →nonpolar (avoid water) •phosphate group polar (like water) → fatty acid tails are inside the membrane phospholipid heads are outside the membrane diffusion random movement of particles from a high low concentration no energy is required, •particles move randomly and are constantly hitting each other, gaining energy speed of diffusion is affected by concentration, temperature, and pressure Osmosis diffusion of water water moves to reach equilibrium high low concentration hydrophobic region bydrophyllic region concentration gradient •unequal distribution of particles difference in a concentration of a substance across space 3 types of Solutions: isotonic •hypertonic hypotonic Substances • water moves into/out of the cell at the same rate isotonic •concentration inside the cell is equal to the concentration outside the cell involves water and dissolved hypotonic •Concentration of dissolved substances is lower outside the cell. than the concentration inside the cell more water outside the cell than the inside •water will more into the cell •·cell will swell and pressure will increase •too much swelling can cause the cell to burst (only animal cells) 95% H₂0 5% solute ▸ ▸ 85% H₂0 15% Solute 15% solute 85% H₂O hypertonic concentration of dissolved particles is higher outside the cell than the inside water will flow outside the cell cell will shrivel and cell pressure decreases 95% 1₂0 5% solute 98% 120 2%...
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Alternative transcript:
Solute water will move into the Cell Chigh water concentratio to a low water concentration cells will swell •water will move out of the Cell (high water concentration to low water concentration) •cell will shrivel passive transport cell uses no energy to move particles transport proteins: provide openings for particles to pass through helps moves (larger) substances channel proteins: form channels that allow specific molecules to flow through 49 no energy needed ·carrier proteins: change shape to allow substances to pass through ↳no energy needed ·Types of passive transport: simple diffusion: does not use transport proteins • Shelps move larger molecules facilitated diffusion: uses transport proteins active transport ·low high concentration •·needs energy to move against the concentration gradient •uses carrier proteins (binds with particles and then changes shape to release on the other side of the membrane bulk transport both require energy Endocytosis: a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment material is engulfed and enclosed by part of the cell membran 2 types: Phagocytosis- solid materials •Pinocytosis - liquid materials • Exocytosis: expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell