Subjects

Biology

Photosynthesis

Fun with Cell Parts: Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum Adventures!

Name: Knowunity
Brand: Knowunity

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Fun with Cell Parts: Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum Adventures!

Ella Mogilevsky

@ellamogilevsky

2 Followers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of cell organelles, their structures, functions, and related theories. It covers key cellular components found in plant and animal cells, emphasizing their roles in maintaining cellular processes and life itself.

Detailed descriptions of major organelles including the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, lysosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytoskeleton
Explanation of the endomembrane system and its role in protein production and transport
Introduction to the endosymbiotic theory and its significance in explaining the origin of certain organelles
Overview of cell theory and its historical development

10/31/2023

159

J a d f d d d d d d d S S S S
ORGANELLS
Nucleus
Where? - Plant + Aurimal Cells
D Structure? + Nuclear Envelope,
Nucledus Nucleus, DNA
Functi

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Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells

This section provides a visual comparison of plant and animal cells, highlighting their structural differences and similarities. Key distinctions include:

Presence of chloroplasts and a large central vacuole in plant cells
Cell wall in plant cells
Centrioles in animal cells

Both cell types share common organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Example: While both plant and animal cells have mitochondria for energy production, only plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Highlight: The nucleus animal cell function is identical to that in plant cells, despite other structural differences between the two cell types.

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Endomembrane System

The endomembrane system is a network of organelles working together to produce, package, and transport proteins and lipids. This system includes:

Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Produces proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER)
Golgi Apparatus: Sorts and packages proteins
Vesicles: Transport proteins
Cell Membrane: Releases proteins from the cell

Definition: Endomembrane system - A group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together in the synthesis, packaging, and transport of lipids and proteins.

Highlight: Understanding the rough endoplasmic reticulum function and smooth endoplasmic reticulum function is crucial to grasping the workings of the endomembrane system.

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Nucleus and Other Major Organelles

The nucleus structure and function in plant and animal cells is crucial for cellular processes. The nucleus contains DNA and RNA, serving as the control center for growth and reproduction. It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores.

Other important organelles include:

Golgi Apparatus: Packages and sorts proteins
Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Produces proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER)
Vacuoles: Maintain water balance and store waste
Lysosomes: Act as the cell's digestive system (animal cells)
Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell
Mitochondria: Produce ATP energy
Chloroplasts: Produce energy through photosynthesis (plant cells)

Vocabulary: Nuclear envelope - The double membrane surrounding the nucleus, containing pores for molecular transport.

Highlight: The nucleus function in plant cell is essentially the same as in animal cells, acting as the control center and housing genetic material.

Example: The Golgi apparatus can be likened to a post office, sorting and packaging proteins for distribution within or outside the cell.

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Endosymbiotic Theory and Cell Theory

The endosymbiotic theory explains how certain organelles, particularly mitochondria and chloroplasts, became part of eukaryotic cells. This theory suggests that these organelles were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells, eventually forming a symbiotic relationship.

Evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory includes:

Specific reproductive systems of these organelles
Ability to produce their own energy
DNA similarities with prokaryotes
Double membrane structure in mitochondria and chloroplasts

The cell theory, a fundamental principle in biology, consists of three main parts:

All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells

Quote: "Cells come from cells" - Rudolph Virchow

Highlight: The endosymbiotic theory proposed by Lynn Margulis in the 1960s revolutionized our understanding of the origin of eukaryotic cells.

Key contributors to cell theory include:

Robert Hooke: Coined the term "cell"
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Observed first living microorganisms
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann: Proposed that all living things are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow: Stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells
Zacharias Janssen: Invented the first microscope
Robert Brown: Discovered the nucleus in cells

Example: The endosymbiotic theory and cell organelles relationship is exemplified by mitochondria and chloroplasts, which have their own DNA and can reproduce independently within the cell.

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Cytoplasm, Centrioles, and Cell Wall

The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that holds organelles within the cell. In animal cells, centrioles play a role in cell division and act as a skeletal system. The cytoskeleton, present in both plant and animal cells, provides internal support and helps position organelles.

Plant cells have an additional structure called the cell wall, which provides primary protection and is composed of cellulose, pectin, and other materials.

Definition: Cytoskeleton - A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and facilitates movement within the cell.

Vocabulary: Pectin - A structural heteropolysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

Highlight: The cell wall is a key distinguishing feature between plant and animal cells, providing rigidity and protection to plant cells.

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Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

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Download in

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

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Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

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The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Subjects

Biology

Photosynthesis

Fun with Cell Parts: Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum Adventures!

Ella Mogilevsky

@ellamogilevsky

2 Followers

Detailed descriptions of major organelles including the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, lysosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytoskeleton
Explanation of the endomembrane system and its role in protein production and transport
Introduction to the endosymbiotic theory and its significance in explaining the origin of certain organelles
Overview of cell theory and its historical development

10/31/2023

159

10th

Biology

Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells

This section provides a visual comparison of plant and animal cells, highlighting their structural differences and similarities. Key distinctions include:

Presence of chloroplasts and a large central vacuole in plant cells
Cell wall in plant cells
Centrioles in animal cells

Both cell types share common organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Example: While both plant and animal cells have mitochondria for energy production, only plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Highlight: The nucleus animal cell function is identical to that in plant cells, despite other structural differences between the two cell types.

Endomembrane System

The endomembrane system is a network of organelles working together to produce, package, and transport proteins and lipids. This system includes:

Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Produces proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER)
Golgi Apparatus: Sorts and packages proteins
Vesicles: Transport proteins
Cell Membrane: Releases proteins from the cell

Definition: Endomembrane system - A group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together in the synthesis, packaging, and transport of lipids and proteins.

Highlight: Understanding the rough endoplasmic reticulum function and smooth endoplasmic reticulum function is crucial to grasping the workings of the endomembrane system.

Nucleus and Other Major Organelles

Other important organelles include:

Golgi Apparatus: Packages and sorts proteins
Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Produces proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER)
Vacuoles: Maintain water balance and store waste
Lysosomes: Act as the cell's digestive system (animal cells)
Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell
Mitochondria: Produce ATP energy
Chloroplasts: Produce energy through photosynthesis (plant cells)

Vocabulary: Nuclear envelope - The double membrane surrounding the nucleus, containing pores for molecular transport.

Highlight: The nucleus function in plant cell is essentially the same as in animal cells, acting as the control center and housing genetic material.

Example: The Golgi apparatus can be likened to a post office, sorting and packaging proteins for distribution within or outside the cell.

Endosymbiotic Theory and Cell Theory

Evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory includes:

Specific reproductive systems of these organelles
Ability to produce their own energy
DNA similarities with prokaryotes
Double membrane structure in mitochondria and chloroplasts

The cell theory, a fundamental principle in biology, consists of three main parts:

All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells

Quote: "Cells come from cells" - Rudolph Virchow

Highlight: The endosymbiotic theory proposed by Lynn Margulis in the 1960s revolutionized our understanding of the origin of eukaryotic cells.

Key contributors to cell theory include:

Robert Hooke: Coined the term "cell"
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Observed first living microorganisms
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann: Proposed that all living things are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow: Stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells
Zacharias Janssen: Invented the first microscope
Robert Brown: Discovered the nucleus in cells

Example: The endosymbiotic theory and cell organelles relationship is exemplified by mitochondria and chloroplasts, which have their own DNA and can reproduce independently within the cell.

Cytoplasm, Centrioles, and Cell Wall

Plant cells have an additional structure called the cell wall, which provides primary protection and is composed of cellulose, pectin, and other materials.

Definition: Cytoskeleton - A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and facilitates movement within the cell.

Vocabulary: Pectin - A structural heteropolysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

Highlight: The cell wall is a key distinguishing feature between plant and animal cells, providing rigidity and protection to plant cells.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Fun with Cell Parts: Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum Adventures!

Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells

Endomembrane System

Nucleus and Other Major Organelles

Endosymbiotic Theory and Cell Theory

Cytoplasm, Centrioles, and Cell Wall

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Fun with Cell Parts: Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum Adventures!

Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells

Endomembrane System

Nucleus and Other Major Organelles

Endosymbiotic Theory and Cell Theory

Cytoplasm, Centrioles, and Cell Wall

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying