Process of Meiosis

Meiosis involves two rounds of division that reduce chromosome numbers and create genetic diversity. Unlike mitosis (which has one division), meiosis produces haploid cells through Meiosis I and Meiosis II, each having four phases similar to mitosis.

In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (similar but not identical chromosomes) pair up and separate into different cells. This happens after DNA replication has already occurred. In Meiosis II, sister chromatids (identical copies of the same chromosome) separate without any DNA replication between the divisions.

The resulting haploid cells develop into mature gametes through gametogenesis, which differs between males and females. Male gametes (sperm) become streamlined and mobile, primarily contributing DNA to an embryo. Female gametes (eggs) contribute DNA, cytoplasm, and organelles, with most cellular contents going to the main egg cell while the remaining material forms small polar bodies.

Remember This! The key difference between mitosis and meiosis is their purpose: mitosis produces identical diploid cells for growth and repair, while meiosis creates genetically diverse haploid cells for reproduction.