Subjects

Careers

Open the App

Subjects

How DNA Builds and Copies Itself: A Simple Guide

Open

1

0

user profile picture

Vikki Tam

5/7/2023

Biology

DNA Structure and Replication

How DNA Builds and Copies Itself: A Simple Guide

DNA structure and replication process in biology is a fundamental concept that explains how genetic information is stored and copied in living organisms.

  • The DNA molecule consists of two antiparallel strands forming a double helix structure, with nucleotides as building blocks
  • Semiconservative DNA replication enzymes work together in a coordinated process during the S phase of the cell cycle
  • Chromosome structure and DNA directionality play crucial roles in organizing genetic material and ensuring proper replication
  • The replication process involves multiple enzymes including helicase, topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase
  • Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ in their replication mechanisms, particularly in the number of origin points
...

5/7/2023

51

1. DNA Structure
C.
a.
b. Nucleotide (Monomer)
Double helix - 2 strands
e.
DNA Structure and Replication Quest
i. Phosphate 5' end
ii.
iii.

View

DNA Replication Process and Cellular Differences

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase through a semiconservative process. This mechanism preserves part of the original strand while creating a new complementary strand.

Definition: The replication fork is the point where two DNA strands are separated by helicase, allowing for new strand synthesis.

Highlight: Key enzymes in replication include topoisomerase for uncoiling, helicase for strand separation, and DNA polymerases for nucleotide addition.

The process involves three main stages: initiation at origin points, elongation with leading and lagging strand synthesis, and termination.

Vocabulary: Okazaki fragments are discontinuous DNA segments synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.

Example: Eukaryotic cells utilize multiple origin points for replication, while prokaryotic cells have just one origin point, demonstrating evolutionary adaptation to genome size and complexity.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

21 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 17 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

 

Biology

51

May 7, 2023

2 pages

How DNA Builds and Copies Itself: A Simple Guide

DNA structure and replication process in biology is a fundamental concept that explains how genetic information is stored and copied in living organisms.

  • The DNA molecule consists of two antiparallel strands forming a double helix structure, with nucleotides as building... Show more

1. DNA Structure
C.
a.
b. Nucleotide (Monomer)
Double helix - 2 strands
e.
DNA Structure and Replication Quest
i. Phosphate 5' end
ii.
iii.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

DNA Replication Process and Cellular Differences

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase through a semiconservative process. This mechanism preserves part of the original strand while creating a new complementary strand.

Definition: The replication fork is the point where two DNA strands are separated by helicase, allowing for new strand synthesis.

Highlight: Key enzymes in replication include topoisomerase for uncoiling, helicase for strand separation, and DNA polymerases for nucleotide addition.

The process involves three main stages: initiation at origin points, elongation with leading and lagging strand synthesis, and termination.

Vocabulary: Okazaki fragments are discontinuous DNA segments synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.

Example: Eukaryotic cells utilize multiple origin points for replication, while prokaryotic cells have just one origin point, demonstrating evolutionary adaptation to genome size and complexity.

1. DNA Structure
C.
a.
b. Nucleotide (Monomer)
Double helix - 2 strands
e.
DNA Structure and Replication Quest
i. Phosphate 5' end
ii.
iii.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

DNA Structure and Basic Components

The fundamental structure of DNA consists of nucleotides arranged in a double helix formation. Each nucleotide contains three main components: a phosphate group at the 5' end, a deoxyribose sugar at the 3' end, and a nitrogenous base.

Definition: Nucleotides are the monomeric units of DNA, consisting of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Vocabulary: Purines A & G and Pyrimidines T & C are the two types of nitrogenous bases that form specific base pairs in DNA.

Highlight: Three crucial bonds maintain DNA structure: hydrogen bonds between strands, glycosidic bonds connecting bases to sugar, and phosphodiester bonds linking sugar to phosphate groups.

The chromosome structure involves DNA being tightly coiled around histones to form nucleosomes, which further organize into chromatin fibers and ultimately chromosomes.

Example: DNA directionality is determined by the deoxyribose sugar - when a strand begins with sugar, it runs from 3' to 5'.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user