Coastal Erosion Processes in Higher Geography
This page provides an in-depth overview of the four main coastal erosion processes that shape coastlines: attrition, abrasion, solution/corrosion, and hydraulic action. Each process is explained in detail, highlighting its unique characteristics and effects on coastal landscapes.
Definition: Coastal erosion refers to the wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave currents, drainage, or high winds.
Attrition is described as a process where rocks in waves collide with each other, leading to their gradual reduction in size and increased roundness over time.
Vocabulary: Attrition in geography is the process by which rocks and pebbles in water become smoother and rounder as they collide with each other.
Abrasion involves wave-carried materials being thrown against cliffs and coastlines, creating fractures and weaknesses that eventually lead to the wearing away of the coastline.
Example: In abrasion coastal erosion, waves carrying sand and pebbles act like sandpaper, gradually eroding cliff faces and rocky shores.
Solution/corrosion is explained as the chemical reaction between salt in seawater and soluble rocks. This process leads to the dissolution of rocks over time.
Highlight: Solution erosion is particularly effective on coastlines composed of limestone or other soluble rocks.
Hydraulic action is described as the force of waves hitting the coast, compressing air into rock cracks, and causing mini explosions that shatter the rock.
Vocabulary: Hydraulic action in geography refers to the erosive force of moving water against rock surfaces.
The page concludes with a diagram illustrating the progression of coastal erosion, showing how these processes contribute to the formation of distinctive coastal landforms such as headlands, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps.
Example: The formation sequence of coastal landforms due to erosion typically follows this order: headland with weakness → cave → arch → stack → stump.
