Subjects

Subjects

More

SQA Higher Human Biology: Controlling Fertility & More

View

SQA Higher Human Biology: Controlling Fertility & More

Higher Human Biology: Control of Fertility and Contraception

This document covers key aspects of controlling fertility, including fertile periods, infertility treatments, and contraception methods. It is essential for students studying Higher Human Biology or preparing for SQA Higher Biology exams.

10/18/2022

278

Key Area 2-3
The biology of controlling fertility
a) fertile periods
Men are continuously fertile, they produce sperm in their
testes contin

Contraception Methods

Physical Methods of Contraception

Physical contraception methods include barrier methods and sterilization:

  1. Barrier Methods: These devices physically block sperm from reaching an ovum, such as condoms and intrauterine devices (IUDs).

Vocabulary: An intrauterine device (IUD) is a T-shaped structure that fits into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Some IUDs also secrete hormones.

  1. Sterilization:
    • Male sterilization (vasectomy): Cutting and tying the two sperm ducts
    • Female sterilization (tubal ligation): Cutting and tying the two oviducts

Highlight: Sterilization is usually irreversible and should be considered a permanent form of contraception.

Chemical Methods of Contraception

Chemical contraception methods include various types of contraceptive pills:

  1. Oral Contraceptive Pill: Contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone, mimicking negative feedback to prevent FSH and LH release, thus inhibiting ovulation.

  2. Mini Pill: Contains only progesterone, which thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

  3. Morning-After Pill: Contains high doses of hormones to prevent ovulation or implantation if taken within 72 hours after intercourse.

Example: The BBC Bitesize Higher Human Biology section on contraception provides comprehensive information on various contraceptive methods, their effectiveness, and how they work.

This summary covers key topics in Higher Human Biology related to fertility control and contraception. Students preparing for SQA Higher Biology past papers or studying the SQA Higher Biology course specification should focus on understanding these concepts thoroughly.

Key Area 2-3
The biology of controlling fertility
a) fertile periods
Men are continuously fertile, they produce sperm in their
testes contin

View

Fertile Periods and Infertility Treatments

Understanding Fertility Cycles

Men are continuously fertile from puberty, producing sperm in their testes. Women, however, have cyclical fertility, being fertile for only a few days each menstrual cycle. This fertile period typically occurs 1-2 days after ovulation.

Highlight: Women's fertile period is usually limited to a few days each menstrual cycle, while men are continuously fertile.

Two methods to identify the fertile period are:

  1. Body temperature measurement: Women's body temperature rises by about 0.5°C after ovulation.
  2. Cervical mucus observation: During ovulation, cervical mucus becomes thin and watery, facilitating sperm movement.

Infertility Treatments

Several infertility treatments are available for couples struggling to conceive:

  1. Stimulating Ovulation: Drugs can be used to prevent the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on FSH secretion, stimulating ovulation.

  2. Artificial Insemination: This involves inserting semen into the female reproductive tract by means other than intercourse.

Definition: Artificial Insemination is a fertility treatment where sperm is directly inserted into the female reproductive tract to increase the chances of conception.

  1. Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): This technique is particularly useful for males with low sperm count or sperm motility issues. A single sperm is injected directly into the egg to achieve fertilization.

  2. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF): This process involves several steps:

    • Ova are surgically removed after hormone stimulation
    • Mature sperm and ova are mixed in a culture dish
    • Fertilized ova are incubated until they form at least 8 cells
    • Two or three embryos are inserted into the uterus for implantation

Example: IVF bbc Bitesize provides detailed explanations and animations of the IVF process, making it easier for students to understand this complex fertility treatment.

Key Area 2-3
The biology of controlling fertility
a) fertile periods
Men are continuously fertile, they produce sperm in their
testes contin

View

Key Area 2-3
The biology of controlling fertility
a) fertile periods
Men are continuously fertile, they produce sperm in their
testes contin

View

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

SQA Higher Human Biology: Controlling Fertility & More

Higher Human Biology: Control of Fertility and Contraception

This document covers key aspects of controlling fertility, including fertile periods, infertility treatments, and contraception methods. It is essential for students studying Higher Human Biology or preparing for SQA Higher Biology exams.

10/18/2022

278

 

S5/S6

 

Biology

7

Key Area 2-3
The biology of controlling fertility
a) fertile periods
Men are continuously fertile, they produce sperm in their
testes contin

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Contraception Methods

Physical Methods of Contraception

Physical contraception methods include barrier methods and sterilization:

  1. Barrier Methods: These devices physically block sperm from reaching an ovum, such as condoms and intrauterine devices (IUDs).

Vocabulary: An intrauterine device (IUD) is a T-shaped structure that fits into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Some IUDs also secrete hormones.

  1. Sterilization:
    • Male sterilization (vasectomy): Cutting and tying the two sperm ducts
    • Female sterilization (tubal ligation): Cutting and tying the two oviducts

Highlight: Sterilization is usually irreversible and should be considered a permanent form of contraception.

Chemical Methods of Contraception

Chemical contraception methods include various types of contraceptive pills:

  1. Oral Contraceptive Pill: Contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone, mimicking negative feedback to prevent FSH and LH release, thus inhibiting ovulation.

  2. Mini Pill: Contains only progesterone, which thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

  3. Morning-After Pill: Contains high doses of hormones to prevent ovulation or implantation if taken within 72 hours after intercourse.

Example: The BBC Bitesize Higher Human Biology section on contraception provides comprehensive information on various contraceptive methods, their effectiveness, and how they work.

This summary covers key topics in Higher Human Biology related to fertility control and contraception. Students preparing for SQA Higher Biology past papers or studying the SQA Higher Biology course specification should focus on understanding these concepts thoroughly.

Key Area 2-3
The biology of controlling fertility
a) fertile periods
Men are continuously fertile, they produce sperm in their
testes contin

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Fertile Periods and Infertility Treatments

Understanding Fertility Cycles

Men are continuously fertile from puberty, producing sperm in their testes. Women, however, have cyclical fertility, being fertile for only a few days each menstrual cycle. This fertile period typically occurs 1-2 days after ovulation.

Highlight: Women's fertile period is usually limited to a few days each menstrual cycle, while men are continuously fertile.

Two methods to identify the fertile period are:

  1. Body temperature measurement: Women's body temperature rises by about 0.5°C after ovulation.
  2. Cervical mucus observation: During ovulation, cervical mucus becomes thin and watery, facilitating sperm movement.

Infertility Treatments

Several infertility treatments are available for couples struggling to conceive:

  1. Stimulating Ovulation: Drugs can be used to prevent the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on FSH secretion, stimulating ovulation.

  2. Artificial Insemination: This involves inserting semen into the female reproductive tract by means other than intercourse.

Definition: Artificial Insemination is a fertility treatment where sperm is directly inserted into the female reproductive tract to increase the chances of conception.

  1. Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): This technique is particularly useful for males with low sperm count or sperm motility issues. A single sperm is injected directly into the egg to achieve fertilization.

  2. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF): This process involves several steps:

    • Ova are surgically removed after hormone stimulation
    • Mature sperm and ova are mixed in a culture dish
    • Fertilized ova are incubated until they form at least 8 cells
    • Two or three embryos are inserted into the uterus for implantation

Example: IVF bbc Bitesize provides detailed explanations and animations of the IVF process, making it easier for students to understand this complex fertility treatment.

Key Area 2-3
The biology of controlling fertility
a) fertile periods
Men are continuously fertile, they produce sperm in their
testes contin

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Key Area 2-3
The biology of controlling fertility
a) fertile periods
Men are continuously fertile, they produce sperm in their
testes contin

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying