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How Land Plants Adapted to Live on Land

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Dua Nayab

9/10/2023

Biology

Plants: Origin, Types, and Life Cycles

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Biology

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Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis

How Land Plants Adapted to Live on Land

Land plants evolved from green algae with crucial adaptations to terrestrial life, developing complex systems for survival on land. The evolution spans from simple bryophytes to complex seed plants, showcasing remarkable adaptations including vascular tissues and reproductive strategies.

• Plants developed essential features like waxy cuticles and stomata for water conservation
• The haplodiplontic life cycle in bryophytes marked an important evolutionary step
• Vascular tissues xylem and phloem function enabled plants to grow taller and transport nutrients efficiently
• Seed plants emerged as a major evolutionary advancement, providing protection and nutrients for embryos
• Modern plant diversity ranges from simple mosses to complex flowering plants

...

9/10/2023

80

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

View

Plant Life Cycles and Early Land Plants

This section details the haplodiplontic life cycle characteristic of all land plants and introduces bryophytes as the earliest land plant group.

Vocabulary: Haplodiplontic refers to a life cycle with both multicellular haploid gametophytegametophyte and diploid sporophytesporophyte stages.

Definition: Bryophytes are non-vascular plants including liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, representing the closest living relatives to the first land plants.

Highlight: The relative size of gametophyte and sporophyte generations varies significantly between different plant groups, with mosses having large gametophytes and small sporophytes, while flowering plants show the opposite pattern.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

View

Vascular Tissues and Plant Evolution

The evolution of vascular tissues marked a crucial advancement in plant development, enabling greater size and complexity.

Definition: Vascular tissues consist of xylem for water and mineral transport, and phloem for distributing sugars and hormones.

Example: The presence of vascular tissues allows trees to grow to great heights by efficiently moving water and nutrients throughout the plant body.

Highlight: Tracheophytes vascularplantsvascular plants are divided into three major clades: lycophytes, pterophytes, and seed plants.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

View

Stem and Leaf Evolution

This section covers the evolutionary development of plant organs and their adaptation to terrestrial conditions.

Highlight: Early land plants had stems but lacked true roots and leaves, which evolved later as separate adaptations.

Example: The evolution of leaves occurred twice independently, resulting in euphylls trueleavestrue leaves in ferns and seed plants, and lycophylls in lycophytes.

Definition: Stomatal density increased in response to dropping atmospheric CO2 levels, enabling the evolution of larger leaves.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

View

Fern Morphology and Life Cycle

Ferns represent a significant group of seedless vascular plants with unique reproductive strategies.

Vocabulary: Fronds are the large, divided leaves characteristic of ferns, which initially develop as tightly coiled "fiddleheads."

Definition: Sori are clusters of sporangia found on the undersides of fern fronds, where spores are produced through meiosis.

Example: The fern life cycle includes both independent gametophyte and sporophyte generations, with the gametophyte being small and heart-shaped.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

View

Specialized Plant Groups

This section examines unique plant groups including whisk ferns and horsetails.

Definition: Whisk ferns are tropical plants with forking green stems lacking true roots or leaves.

Highlight: Horsetails EquisetumEquisetum are characterized by jointed, ribbed stems and are notable for containing silica deposits in their cells.

Example: Modern horsetails represent a single surviving genus of a once-diverse group that was abundant during the Carboniferous period.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

View

Plant Reproduction and Development

The final section focuses on reproductive strategies and developmental patterns in various plant groups.

Definition: Homosporous plants produce only one type of spore, which develops into a gametophyte capable of producing both male and female gametes.

Highlight: Water remains essential for reproduction in many plant groups, as flagellated sperm must swim to reach the egg cells.

Example: The alternation of generations in plants involves complex life cycles with distinct multicellular haploid and diploid phases.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

View

Gymnosperms

The chapter examines various groups of gymnosperms, focusing on conifers and their adaptations.

Example: The Coastal Redwood is the tallest living vascular plant, while the bristlecone pine is the oldest living tree.

Definition: Conifers have specialized adaptations like cuticles and recessed stomata to prevent water loss.

Highlight: Conifers are crucial economic resources, providing timber, paper, and resin.

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Photosynthesis

 

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Sep 10, 2023

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8 pages

How Land Plants Adapted to Live on Land

D

Dua Nayab

@uaayab_izqq

Land plants evolved from green algae with crucial adaptations to terrestrial life, developing complex systems for survival on land. The evolution spans from simple bryophytes to complex seed plants, showcasing remarkable adaptations including vascular tissues and reproductive strategies.

•... Show more

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

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Plant Life Cycles and Early Land Plants

This section details the haplodiplontic life cycle characteristic of all land plants and introduces bryophytes as the earliest land plant group.

Vocabulary: Haplodiplontic refers to a life cycle with both multicellular haploid gametophytegametophyte and diploid sporophytesporophyte stages.

Definition: Bryophytes are non-vascular plants including liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, representing the closest living relatives to the first land plants.

Highlight: The relative size of gametophyte and sporophyte generations varies significantly between different plant groups, with mosses having large gametophytes and small sporophytes, while flowering plants show the opposite pattern.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

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Vascular Tissues and Plant Evolution

The evolution of vascular tissues marked a crucial advancement in plant development, enabling greater size and complexity.

Definition: Vascular tissues consist of xylem for water and mineral transport, and phloem for distributing sugars and hormones.

Example: The presence of vascular tissues allows trees to grow to great heights by efficiently moving water and nutrients throughout the plant body.

Highlight: Tracheophytes vascularplantsvascular plants are divided into three major clades: lycophytes, pterophytes, and seed plants.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

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Stem and Leaf Evolution

This section covers the evolutionary development of plant organs and their adaptation to terrestrial conditions.

Highlight: Early land plants had stems but lacked true roots and leaves, which evolved later as separate adaptations.

Example: The evolution of leaves occurred twice independently, resulting in euphylls trueleavestrue leaves in ferns and seed plants, and lycophylls in lycophytes.

Definition: Stomatal density increased in response to dropping atmospheric CO2 levels, enabling the evolution of larger leaves.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

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Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Fern Morphology and Life Cycle

Ferns represent a significant group of seedless vascular plants with unique reproductive strategies.

Vocabulary: Fronds are the large, divided leaves characteristic of ferns, which initially develop as tightly coiled "fiddleheads."

Definition: Sori are clusters of sporangia found on the undersides of fern fronds, where spores are produced through meiosis.

Example: The fern life cycle includes both independent gametophyte and sporophyte generations, with the gametophyte being small and heart-shaped.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

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Access to all documents

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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Specialized Plant Groups

This section examines unique plant groups including whisk ferns and horsetails.

Definition: Whisk ferns are tropical plants with forking green stems lacking true roots or leaves.

Highlight: Horsetails EquisetumEquisetum are characterized by jointed, ribbed stems and are notable for containing silica deposits in their cells.

Example: Modern horsetails represent a single surviving genus of a once-diverse group that was abundant during the Carboniferous period.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

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Plant Reproduction and Development

The final section focuses on reproductive strategies and developmental patterns in various plant groups.

Definition: Homosporous plants produce only one type of spore, which develops into a gametophyte capable of producing both male and female gametes.

Highlight: Water remains essential for reproduction in many plant groups, as flagellated sperm must swim to reach the egg cells.

Example: The alternation of generations in plants involves complex life cycles with distinct multicellular haploid and diploid phases.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

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Gymnosperms

The chapter examines various groups of gymnosperms, focusing on conifers and their adaptations.

Example: The Coastal Redwood is the tallest living vascular plant, while the bristlecone pine is the oldest living tree.

Definition: Conifers have specialized adaptations like cuticles and recessed stomata to prevent water loss.

Highlight: Conifers are crucial economic resources, providing timber, paper, and resin.

• Origin of Land Plants: • All green algae & land plants shared a common ancestor 1 BY A * Not all photoautotrophs are plants 0 Green Algae

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Origin and Early Evolution of Land Plants

The first land plants emerged from green algal ancestors approximately 1 billion years ago. This chapter explores the fundamental adaptations that enabled plants to colonize terrestrial environments.

Definition: Charophytes are the sister group to all land plants, while chlorophytes represent a separate evolutionary lineage that remained aquatic.

Highlight: Key adaptations for terrestrial life included mechanisms to prevent water loss, protect against UV damage, and transport water throughout the plant body.

Example: The development of a waxy cuticle and stomata helped plants control water loss while still allowing gas exchange for photosynthesis.

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Stefan S

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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

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I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

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Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

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I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

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Marco B

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Elisha

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This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

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