Subjects
Biology
Chemistry
AP Chemistry
English
AP English Literature
Biology
Dec 25, 2025
110
42 pages
Molly Hutton @mollyhutton
Ever wondered how your body grows and heals cuts? It's all thanks to a process called mitosis -... Show more
You're diving into N5 Biology Unit 2 Producing New Cells - one of the most important topics you'll study this year. This unit sits within the broader "Multicellular Organisms" section, which explores how complex life forms like humans actually work.
The N5 Biology course covers three main areas Cell Biology, Multicellular Organisms, and Life on Earth. Think of these as building blocks - you start with understanding individual cells, then see how they work together in complex organisms, and finally explore life's diversity on our planet.
Quick Tip This topic directly connects to how your body works every single day, making it highly relevant for understanding growth, healing, and development.
Unit 2 Multicellular Organisms covers seven key areas, but don't worry - they all connect to help you understand how complex life works. You'll start with producing new cells, then explore how organisms control and communicate, reproduce, inherit traits, and transport materials.
The beauty of this unit is how each topic builds on the previous one. Once you understand how cells divide and specialise, you'll easily grasp how they form tissues, organs, and entire body systems.
Remember These aren't separate topics to memorise - they're all part of one big story about how multicellular life functions and thrives.
The producing new cells section focuses on three main concepts you absolutely need to master. First, you'll learn the sequence of events in mitosis and understand key terms like chromatids, equator, and spindle fibres.
Second, you'll discover why mitosis matters - it's responsible for growth, repairing damaged tissues, and replacing dead cells whilst maintaining the correct number of chromosomes. Third, you'll explore stem cells and how they can become different cell types.
You'll also learn about cell specialisation and the hierarchy from cells to tissues to organs to systems. Don't stress about memorising phase names - the examiners won't ask for those specific details.
Exam Focus Understanding the process and purpose of mitosis is more important than memorising technical names of each phase.
Before diving into mitosis, you need to understand what chromosomes actually are. Think of them as instruction manuals for your cells - they're made of DNA wrapped around proteins, with each chromosome having two arms called chromatids joined at a central point called the centromere.
Most of your cells are diploid, meaning they contain two matching sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). Only gametes (sex cells like sperm and eggs) are haploid with just one set.
When cells prepare to divide, they must replicate their DNA first. This creates identical copies that stay connected at the centromere, forming the familiar X-shaped structure you see in diagrams.
Visual Tip Picture chromosomes like a zipper - the centromere is the slider holding two identical sides (chromatids) together.
Mitosis is your body's photocopying system - it creates two identical daughter cells from one parent cell, each with exactly the same genetic information. This precision is crucial because losing genetic information could be disastrous for your body.
The process follows a specific sequence involving spindle fibres (think of them as cellular ropes) that help move chromosomes around. These fibres attach to chromosomes and pull them to the cell's equator (the middle line) before separating the chromatids.
The end result? Two new cells that are genetically identical to the original, ready to grow, repair damage, or replace worn-out cells. Without mitosis, you couldn't heal cuts, grow taller, or replace the millions of cells you lose daily.
Real-Life Connection Every time you get a paper cut and it heals, that's mitosis in action, creating new skin cells to patch you up perfectly.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the fascinating world of stem cells in this biology summary. Learn about embryonic and adult stem cells, their differentiation processes, and the unique capabilities of plant stem cells. This resource covers key concepts such as cell types, differentiation, and the role of stem cells in development. Ideal for biology students seeking to deepen their understanding of cellular biology.
BiologyExplore key concepts of cell division, including mitosis, meiosis, and their roles in human reproduction and genetic inheritance. This resource features exam questions and detailed explanations on stem cells, gametes, and the cell cycle, making it essential for biology students preparing for assessments.
BiologyExplore essential definitions and concepts in cell biology, including mitosis, osmosis, and cell differentiation. This summary covers key terms such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, and the cell cycle, tailored for AQA Biology students. Ideal for Year 10 revision.
BiologyExplore the fundamentals of DNA, chromosomes, and genes in this concise overview. Learn about the double helix structure, the significance of chromosomes, and the role of genes in coding for proteins. Ideal for students studying genetics and biology.
BiologyExplore the fundamentals of cell division, including key processes like mitosis, cytokinesis, and the cell cycle. Understand the role of chromosomes, DNA replication, and stem cells in growth and repair. This summary is ideal for GCSE AQA Biology students focusing on Cell Biology.
BiologyExplore the fundamental concepts of DNA, including its double helix structure, nucleotide composition, and base pairing rules. This summary covers essential topics for GCSE Biology, focusing on the role of DNA in genetics and molecular biology.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Molly Hutton
@mollyhutton
Ever wondered how your body grows and heals cuts? It's all thanks to a process called mitosis - your body's amazing way of creating identical new cells. This fundamental process keeps you alive by replacing damaged cells and helping you... Show more
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You're diving into N5 Biology Unit 2: Producing New Cells - one of the most important topics you'll study this year. This unit sits within the broader "Multicellular Organisms" section, which explores how complex life forms like humans actually work.
The N5 Biology course covers three main areas: Cell Biology, Multicellular Organisms, and Life on Earth. Think of these as building blocks - you start with understanding individual cells, then see how they work together in complex organisms, and finally explore life's diversity on our planet.
Quick Tip: This topic directly connects to how your body works every single day, making it highly relevant for understanding growth, healing, and development.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Unit 2: Multicellular Organisms covers seven key areas, but don't worry - they all connect to help you understand how complex life works. You'll start with producing new cells, then explore how organisms control and communicate, reproduce, inherit traits, and transport materials.
The beauty of this unit is how each topic builds on the previous one. Once you understand how cells divide and specialise, you'll easily grasp how they form tissues, organs, and entire body systems.
Remember: These aren't separate topics to memorise - they're all part of one big story about how multicellular life functions and thrives.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The producing new cells section focuses on three main concepts you absolutely need to master. First, you'll learn the sequence of events in mitosis and understand key terms like chromatids, equator, and spindle fibres.
Second, you'll discover why mitosis matters - it's responsible for growth, repairing damaged tissues, and replacing dead cells whilst maintaining the correct number of chromosomes. Third, you'll explore stem cells and how they can become different cell types.
You'll also learn about cell specialisation and the hierarchy from cells to tissues to organs to systems. Don't stress about memorising phase names - the examiners won't ask for those specific details.
Exam Focus: Understanding the process and purpose of mitosis is more important than memorising technical names of each phase.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Before diving into mitosis, you need to understand what chromosomes actually are. Think of them as instruction manuals for your cells - they're made of DNA wrapped around proteins, with each chromosome having two arms called chromatids joined at a central point called the centromere.
Most of your cells are diploid, meaning they contain two matching sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). Only gametes (sex cells like sperm and eggs) are haploid with just one set.
When cells prepare to divide, they must replicate their DNA first. This creates identical copies that stay connected at the centromere, forming the familiar X-shaped structure you see in diagrams.
Visual Tip: Picture chromosomes like a zipper - the centromere is the slider holding two identical sides (chromatids) together.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Mitosis is your body's photocopying system - it creates two identical daughter cells from one parent cell, each with exactly the same genetic information. This precision is crucial because losing genetic information could be disastrous for your body.
The process follows a specific sequence involving spindle fibres (think of them as cellular ropes) that help move chromosomes around. These fibres attach to chromosomes and pull them to the cell's equator (the middle line) before separating the chromatids.
The end result? Two new cells that are genetically identical to the original, ready to grow, repair damage, or replace worn-out cells. Without mitosis, you couldn't heal cuts, grow taller, or replace the millions of cells you lose daily.
Real-Life Connection: Every time you get a paper cut and it heals, that's mitosis in action, creating new skin cells to patch you up perfectly.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the fascinating world of stem cells in this biology summary. Learn about embryonic and adult stem cells, their differentiation processes, and the unique capabilities of plant stem cells. This resource covers key concepts such as cell types, differentiation, and the role of stem cells in development. Ideal for biology students seeking to deepen their understanding of cellular biology.
BiologyExplore key concepts of cell division, including mitosis, meiosis, and their roles in human reproduction and genetic inheritance. This resource features exam questions and detailed explanations on stem cells, gametes, and the cell cycle, making it essential for biology students preparing for assessments.
BiologyExplore essential definitions and concepts in cell biology, including mitosis, osmosis, and cell differentiation. This summary covers key terms such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, and the cell cycle, tailored for AQA Biology students. Ideal for Year 10 revision.
BiologyExplore the fundamentals of DNA, chromosomes, and genes in this concise overview. Learn about the double helix structure, the significance of chromosomes, and the role of genes in coding for proteins. Ideal for students studying genetics and biology.
BiologyExplore the fundamentals of cell division, including key processes like mitosis, cytokinesis, and the cell cycle. Understand the role of chromosomes, DNA replication, and stem cells in growth and repair. This summary is ideal for GCSE AQA Biology students focusing on Cell Biology.
BiologyExplore the fundamental concepts of DNA, including its double helix structure, nucleotide composition, and base pairing rules. This summary covers essential topics for GCSE Biology, focusing on the role of DNA in genetics and molecular biology.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology