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How Cells Make Proteins: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

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giselle

4/28/2023

Biology

Protein Synthesis

How Cells Make Proteins: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

How protein synthesis occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells through the intricate processes of transcription and translation, involving the vital role of mRNA in transcription and translation process.

  • The central dogma of molecular biology explains how DNA information flows to create proteins
  • Transcription occurs in different cellular locations for eukaryotes (nucleus) and prokaryotes (cytoplasm)
  • The difference between RNA and DNA in protein synthesis includes structural variations and base composition
  • Translation process involves ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acid assembly to form proteins
  • Complex mechanisms ensure accurate protein synthesis through specific codon-anticodon matching
...

4/28/2023

186

Protein
Synthesis
re synthesis means",
"making "
What are proteins and why are they important?
Proteins are made of amino acids that are joi

View

Page 2: The Transcription Process

This page details the intricate process of transcription, where DNA information is converted into messenger RNA. The process begins with DNA unzipping and involves RNA polymerase attaching to a promoter sequence.

Example: RNA polymerase builds mRNA by adding complementary RNA nucleotides one at a time along the DNA template strand.

Highlight: In eukaryotes, mRNA undergoes splicing to remove non-coding regions called introns before leaving the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Definition: Key differences between RNA and DNA include:

  • RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
  • RNA contains ribose sugar while DNA has deoxyribose
  • RNA is typically single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
Protein
Synthesis
re synthesis means",
"making "
What are proteins and why are they important?
Proteins are made of amino acids that are joi

View

Page 3: The Translation Process

The final page explores the translation process, where mRNA information is converted into proteins through the action of ribosomes and transfer RNA tRNAtRNA.

Vocabulary: Anticodons are specific sequences on tRNA that must match the codons on mRNA for proper amino acid placement.

Example: The codon chart shows how different three-base sequences code for specific amino acids, with UAC coding for tyrosine and ACC coding for threonine.

Highlight: The translation process involves:

  • mRNA attachment to ribosomes
  • tRNA molecule alignment with matching codons
  • Amino acid assembly through peptide bond formation
  • tRNA recycling for continued protein synthesis

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Biology

186

Apr 28, 2023

3 pages

How Cells Make Proteins: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

G

giselle

@giselle_xxku

How protein synthesis occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells through the intricate processes of transcription and translation, involving the vital role of mRNA in transcription and translation process.

  • The central dogma of molecular biology explains how DNA information flows... Show more

Protein
Synthesis
re synthesis means",
"making "
What are proteins and why are they important?
Proteins are made of amino acids that are joi

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Page 2: The Transcription Process

This page details the intricate process of transcription, where DNA information is converted into messenger RNA. The process begins with DNA unzipping and involves RNA polymerase attaching to a promoter sequence.

Example: RNA polymerase builds mRNA by adding complementary RNA nucleotides one at a time along the DNA template strand.

Highlight: In eukaryotes, mRNA undergoes splicing to remove non-coding regions called introns before leaving the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Definition: Key differences between RNA and DNA include:

  • RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
  • RNA contains ribose sugar while DNA has deoxyribose
  • RNA is typically single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded

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Page 3: The Translation Process

The final page explores the translation process, where mRNA information is converted into proteins through the action of ribosomes and transfer RNA tRNAtRNA.

Vocabulary: Anticodons are specific sequences on tRNA that must match the codons on mRNA for proper amino acid placement.

Example: The codon chart shows how different three-base sequences code for specific amino acids, with UAC coding for tyrosine and ACC coding for threonine.

Highlight: The translation process involves:

  • mRNA attachment to ribosomes
  • tRNA molecule alignment with matching codons
  • Amino acid assembly through peptide bond formation
  • tRNA recycling for continued protein synthesis

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Join milions of students

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Page 1: Introduction to Protein Synthesis

The first page introduces the fundamental concepts of protein synthesis and its cellular importance. Proteins, composed of amino acids joined in polypeptide chains, serve crucial functions in cell transport, immune responses, and hormonal regulation.

Definition: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins through transcription and translation processes.

Highlight: In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation takes place in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells perform both processes in the cytoplasm.

Vocabulary: Genes are specific sections of DNA that code for proteins.

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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

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Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

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Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

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Marco B

iOS user

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Elisha

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This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user