Specialized Cells and Their Functions
The text explores various types of specialized cells and their unique adaptations for specific functions in living organisms. Each cell type has evolved distinct features that enable it to perform its role effectively.
Definition: Specialized cells are cells that have developed specific features to perform particular functions within an organism.
Sperm cells are specifically adapted for reproduction, featuring a streamlined head containing enzymes and a powerful tail for swimming. These cells contain numerous mitochondria to provide energy for movement.
Highlight: The streamlined structure and high energy capacity of sperm cells are crucial for their function in fertilization.
Nerve cells are designed for rapid signal transmission, with long structures and branched endings that form interconnected networks throughout the body.
Example: Like an electrical wire network, nerve cells create pathways for signals to travel through the body.
Muscle cells are specialized for contraction, characterized by their length and abundance of mitochondria for energy production.
Root hair cells in plants are adapted for absorption, extending into the soil to maximize surface area for water and mineral uptake.
Vocabulary: Mitochondria - cellular structures responsible for energy production.
Phloem and xylem cells form specialized transport tubes in plants. These cells are elongated and joined end-to-end, with xylem cells being hollow in the center and phloem cells having minimal internal structures to facilitate flow.
Quote: "Phloem and xylem cells form phloem and xylem tubes which transport substances such as food & water around plants."
