Sexual reproduction involves the creation of specialized cells called gametes.... Show more
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Feb 7, 2026
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Understanding Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Yujun Ge
@yujunge_jflh
1 / 3
Spermatogenesis: Sperm Production
Spermatogenesis happens in the testes of males, where immature diploid sperm cells undergo a series of divisions. The process starts with mitosis to increase the number of cells, followed by meiosis to produce haploid spermatocytes with half the genetic material.
Males continuously produce sperm throughout their reproductive lives. In fact, the male body generates several million sperm daily—approximately 1,500 every second! This constant production ensures a plentiful supply of gametes is always available.
The complete process follows a clear progression: diploid spermatogonia (2n) undergo mitosis, then primary spermatocytes (2n) undergo meiosis I to form secondary spermatocytes (n), which then complete meiosis II to form spermatids (n). These spermatids mature into fully functional sperm cells ready for potential fertilization.
💡 Unlike egg production, sperm production never stops after puberty, which is why men can father children well into old age.
Oogenesis: Egg Production
Oogenesis takes place in the ovaries of females and differs significantly from sperm production. The process begins before birth, with females being born with approximately 2 million immature egg cells already formed. These cells remain arrested in development until puberty.
Unlike the continuous production of sperm, females release just one egg per month during ovulation. This process stops completely around age 51, when menopause occurs. The limited egg supply explains why female fertility decreases with age.
A key feature of oogenesis is the unequal division of cytoplasm during cell division. This creates one large, mature ovum containing most of the cellular nutrients, and three small polar bodies that eventually die. This uneven distribution ensures the egg has sufficient resources for early embryo development if fertilization occurs.
💡 The unequal division during oogenesis is critical—it ensures the one viable egg cell receives the maximum amount of cytoplasm and nutrients to support potential embryo development.
The Oogenesis Timeline
The journey of egg development spans decades in a woman's life. Before birth, diploid oogonia (2n) undergo mitotic divisions in the female embryo. These cells develop into primary oocytes which become arrested in prophase of meiosis I—they remain paused in this state until puberty.
After puberty, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) triggers the monthly completion of meiosis I in one primary oocyte. This creates a secondary oocyte and the first polar body. The secondary oocyte then begins meiosis II but pauses again at metaphase before being released from the ovary during ovulation.
The secondary oocyte completes meiosis II only if fertilization occurs. When a sperm enters the egg, it triggers the completion of the second meiotic division, forming the second polar body and a mature ovum. The nuclei of sperm and egg then fuse to create a diploid fertilized egg (2n).
💡 The entire process of oogenesis can take decades—eggs that are ovulated during a woman's 30s or 40s actually began developing before she was even born!
We thought you’d never ask...
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Understanding Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Yujun Ge
@yujunge_jflh
Sexual reproduction involves the creation of specialized cells called gametes. This process occurs differently in males (spermatogenesis) and females (oogenesis), yet both ultimately achieve the same goal: creating haploid sex cells that can unite during fertilization to form a diploid... Show more
Spermatogenesis: Sperm Production
Spermatogenesis happens in the testes of males, where immature diploid sperm cells undergo a series of divisions. The process starts with mitosis to increase the number of cells, followed by meiosis to produce haploid spermatocytes with half the genetic material.
Males continuously produce sperm throughout their reproductive lives. In fact, the male body generates several million sperm daily—approximately 1,500 every second! This constant production ensures a plentiful supply of gametes is always available.
The complete process follows a clear progression: diploid spermatogonia (2n) undergo mitosis, then primary spermatocytes (2n) undergo meiosis I to form secondary spermatocytes (n), which then complete meiosis II to form spermatids (n). These spermatids mature into fully functional sperm cells ready for potential fertilization.
💡 Unlike egg production, sperm production never stops after puberty, which is why men can father children well into old age.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
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Oogenesis: Egg Production
Oogenesis takes place in the ovaries of females and differs significantly from sperm production. The process begins before birth, with females being born with approximately 2 million immature egg cells already formed. These cells remain arrested in development until puberty.
Unlike the continuous production of sperm, females release just one egg per month during ovulation. This process stops completely around age 51, when menopause occurs. The limited egg supply explains why female fertility decreases with age.
A key feature of oogenesis is the unequal division of cytoplasm during cell division. This creates one large, mature ovum containing most of the cellular nutrients, and three small polar bodies that eventually die. This uneven distribution ensures the egg has sufficient resources for early embryo development if fertilization occurs.
💡 The unequal division during oogenesis is critical—it ensures the one viable egg cell receives the maximum amount of cytoplasm and nutrients to support potential embryo development.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
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The Oogenesis Timeline
The journey of egg development spans decades in a woman's life. Before birth, diploid oogonia (2n) undergo mitotic divisions in the female embryo. These cells develop into primary oocytes which become arrested in prophase of meiosis I—they remain paused in this state until puberty.
After puberty, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) triggers the monthly completion of meiosis I in one primary oocyte. This creates a secondary oocyte and the first polar body. The secondary oocyte then begins meiosis II but pauses again at metaphase before being released from the ovary during ovulation.
The secondary oocyte completes meiosis II only if fertilization occurs. When a sperm enters the egg, it triggers the completion of the second meiotic division, forming the second polar body and a mature ovum. The nuclei of sperm and egg then fuse to create a diploid fertilized egg (2n).
💡 The entire process of oogenesis can take decades—eggs that are ovulated during a woman's 30s or 40s actually began developing before she was even born!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user