Understanding the Urinary System

The urinary system comprises several specialized components working together to maintain body homeostasis and eliminate waste. This complex system involves multiple structures and processes that ensure proper bodily function.

Definition: Nephrology is the specialized study of kidneys, while Urology focuses on both the female and male urinary system, including the male reproductive system.

Highlight: The kidneys perform four crucial functions: regulating blood ion levels, managing blood volume and pressure, maintaining pH balance, and producing essential hormones.

Vocabulary:

• Renal Capsule: The protective outer membrane surrounding the kidney
• Cortex: The kidney's outer region containing approximately one million filtering nephrons
• Medulla: The inner region containing 8-12 renal pyramids

Example: The nephron, the kidney's basic functional unit, contains structures like the glomerulus (a ball of capillaries) and the Loop of Henle, which work together in blood filtration and waste removal.

Definition: Important hormones produced by the kidneys include:

• Calcitriol: The active form of Vitamin D regulating calcium
• Erythropoietin: Stimulates red blood cell production
• Renin: Regulates ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
• Aldosterone: Controls electrolyte and water levels

The urinary system's structures include the renal artery, which delivers blood for filtering, and the renal vein, which removes filtered blood. The system processes various waste products including urea, uric acid, and environmental toxins. A notable condition affecting kidney position is nephroptosis (floating kidneys), which can occur when adipose tissue becomes too thin, potentially causing ureter blockage and kidney damage.