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Dec 6, 2025
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Incomplete 7th Grade Science Notes
Jess. Hehe
@ess.ehe_vmemsiyxwjwz
1 / 4
What is Science and the Scientific Method
Science helps us understand the world around us through evidence, not just beliefs. When scientists conduct experiments, they change one thing (the independent variable) to see how it affects something else (the dependent variable).
The scientific method guides how scientists work. They start by observing and asking questions, then make a hypothesis - an "if-then" statement that can be tested. For example: "If sunlight reaches a plant, then it will grow." After conducting controlled experiments, scientists collect two types of data: qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical measurements).
When using a microscope to observe tiny things, proper care is essential. Always carry it with two hands and use lens paper for cleaning. Start with the scanning lens (4x), then move to low power (10x), and finally high power (40x) - remembering to focus carefully at each step.
Remember: The higher the magnification, the smaller the area you can see (field of view). This is why you should always locate your specimen at lower power first!
Elements and Atoms
Everything in our world is made of elements - pure substances that consist of just one type of atom. Examples include hydrogen, carbon, and sodium. Each element has a specific atomic number, which tells you how many protons it has.
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They have three main parts: positively charged protons and neutral neutrons in the nucleus, with negatively charged electrons moving around outside. Finding the number of particles is easy: protons equal the atomic number, electrons usually equal protons, and you can find neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.
Elements come in different types based on their properties. Metals conduct electricity well, while non-metals are poor conductors and often brittle. Metalloids have properties of both and are found along the "staircase" on the periodic table. Some elements like sodium are solid, while noble gases rarely react with anything else.
Try This: Pick an element from the periodic table and figure out how many protons, neutrons, and electrons it has. For example, calcium (Ca) has 20 protons, 20 electrons, and 20 neutrons!
Matter and Chemical Changes
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It's made of atoms and can be identified by its physical and chemical properties. Matter exists in three main states: solids (particles packed tightly together), liquids (particles that can slide past each other), and gases (particles spread far apart).
When matter changes, it can be either a physical or chemical change. Physical changes don't create new substances - like cutting wood or melting ice. The material looks different but is chemically the same. In chemical changes, a new substance forms - like iron rusting or wood burning.
When atoms join together, they form molecules. Some molecules contain just one type of atom, like hydrogen (H₂). When different elements combine, they form a compound. A mixture is different - it's two or more substances physically combined that can be separated easily, like sand and water.
Cool Fact: You can separate mixtures using simple methods - like using a filter to separate sand from water or a magnet to pull iron filings from sand. But separating compounds requires chemical reactions!
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
All living things are made of cells, but not all cells are the same. There are two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are simple and small. They don't have an organized nucleus - their DNA just floats in a clumped area. They lack membrane-bound organelles and are always unicellular , like bacteria. These cells were the first type to evolve on Earth.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex and usually larger. They have a true nucleus protected by a membrane and contain various membrane-bound organelles. These cells can be either unicellular (like amoebas) or multicellular (like plants and animals). Most organisms you can see with your eyes are made of eukaryotic cells.
Similarities Matter: Despite their differences, both cell types have some things in common! They both have ribosomes to make proteins, cytoplasm , and a cell membrane that controls what goes in and out.
We thought you’d never ask...
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Where can I download the Knowunity app?
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4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Incomplete 7th Grade Science Notes
Jess. Hehe
@ess.ehe_vmemsiyxwjwz
Science is an organized way of understanding the natural world through evidence and observation. It involves asking questions, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions based on data. Let's explore the basics of science, from the scientific method to atoms and matter!
What is Science and the Scientific Method
Science helps us understand the world around us through evidence, not just beliefs. When scientists conduct experiments, they change one thing (the independent variable) to see how it affects something else (the dependent variable).
The scientific method guides how scientists work. They start by observing and asking questions, then make a hypothesis - an "if-then" statement that can be tested. For example: "If sunlight reaches a plant, then it will grow." After conducting controlled experiments, scientists collect two types of data: qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical measurements).
When using a microscope to observe tiny things, proper care is essential. Always carry it with two hands and use lens paper for cleaning. Start with the scanning lens (4x), then move to low power (10x), and finally high power (40x) - remembering to focus carefully at each step.
Remember: The higher the magnification, the smaller the area you can see (field of view). This is why you should always locate your specimen at lower power first!
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Elements and Atoms
Everything in our world is made of elements - pure substances that consist of just one type of atom. Examples include hydrogen, carbon, and sodium. Each element has a specific atomic number, which tells you how many protons it has.
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They have three main parts: positively charged protons and neutral neutrons in the nucleus, with negatively charged electrons moving around outside. Finding the number of particles is easy: protons equal the atomic number, electrons usually equal protons, and you can find neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.
Elements come in different types based on their properties. Metals conduct electricity well, while non-metals are poor conductors and often brittle. Metalloids have properties of both and are found along the "staircase" on the periodic table. Some elements like sodium are solid, while noble gases rarely react with anything else.
Try This: Pick an element from the periodic table and figure out how many protons, neutrons, and electrons it has. For example, calcium (Ca) has 20 protons, 20 electrons, and 20 neutrons!
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Matter and Chemical Changes
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It's made of atoms and can be identified by its physical and chemical properties. Matter exists in three main states: solids (particles packed tightly together), liquids (particles that can slide past each other), and gases (particles spread far apart).
When matter changes, it can be either a physical or chemical change. Physical changes don't create new substances - like cutting wood or melting ice. The material looks different but is chemically the same. In chemical changes, a new substance forms - like iron rusting or wood burning.
When atoms join together, they form molecules. Some molecules contain just one type of atom, like hydrogen (H₂). When different elements combine, they form a compound. A mixture is different - it's two or more substances physically combined that can be separated easily, like sand and water.
Cool Fact: You can separate mixtures using simple methods - like using a filter to separate sand from water or a magnet to pull iron filings from sand. But separating compounds requires chemical reactions!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
All living things are made of cells, but not all cells are the same. There are two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are simple and small. They don't have an organized nucleus - their DNA just floats in a clumped area. They lack membrane-bound organelles and are always unicellular , like bacteria. These cells were the first type to evolve on Earth.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex and usually larger. They have a true nucleus protected by a membrane and contain various membrane-bound organelles. These cells can be either unicellular (like amoebas) or multicellular (like plants and animals). Most organisms you can see with your eyes are made of eukaryotic cells.
Similarities Matter: Despite their differences, both cell types have some things in common! They both have ribosomes to make proteins, cytoplasm , and a cell membrane that controls what goes in and out.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content: Element
Most popular content in AP Chemistry
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user