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AP Chemistry
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AP English Literature
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Nov 25, 2025
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Acids and bases are important chemical substances with distinctive properties... Show more
Acids and bases are two fundamental chemical categories with opposite properties. They're everywhere around us - from the food we eat to the cleaning products we use at home.
You'll find that these substances play crucial roles in chemistry, biology, and even your everyday life. Learning about their properties helps explain why lemon juice tastes sour and why soap feels slippery!
Remember this! Almost everything you consume or use for cleaning contains either acids or bases - understanding their properties helps explain how these products work!
Acids and bases have distinct characteristics that make them easy to identify. Acids taste sour (like lemons), turn blue litmus paper red, and can react with active metals like iron and zinc. They also react with bases in neutralization reactions.
Bases taste bitter (though you should never taste chemicals!), turn red litmus paper blue, and feel slippery or soapy to the touch. This slippery feeling happens because bases react with fats on your skin to create soap - the same process that helps your dish soap cut through grease!
Both acids and bases are powerful substances with predictable reactions. When they meet each other, they form water and a salt through a process called neutralization.
Fun fact: Your skin oil contains fatty acids that react with bases to create soap. That's why bases feel slippery when you touch them (but please don't try this in the lab)!
You encounter acids more often than you might realize! Vinegar contains acetic acid, which gives it that tangy smell and taste. The sour taste of lemon juice comes from citric acid, while tea contains tannic acid.
Even some animals use acids defensively. Ant venom contains formic acid, which creates that burning sensation when they bite you.
Some stronger acids, like muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid), are used for cleaning and industrial purposes. Even bleach has acidic properties in certain forms, which explains its powerful cleaning abilities.
Chemistry connection: The sour taste you experience in foods like vinegar and lemon juice is your tongue detecting the presence of acids!
Bases are just as common in your daily life as acids. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base used in manufacturing dishwashing liquid and other cleaning products because it cuts through grease effectively.
Baking soda is a mild base that helps neutralize stomach acid when you have heartburn. Similarly, milk of magnesia is a base used in antacids to provide relief from acid indigestion.
Even some bodily fluids like blood have slightly basic properties, which helps maintain proper chemical balance in your body. Many cleaning products, especially detergents, contain bases that help them remove dirt and stains.
Did you know? The slippery feeling you get when soap touches your hands happens because the base in the soap is reacting with oils on your skin!
The pH scale provides a simple way to measure how acidic or basic a solution is. The term "pH" stands for "potential hydrogen," referring to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
This concept is crucial because it gives scientists and everyday people a standardized way to discuss acidity and basicity. Instead of just saying something is "very acidic," we can specify it has a pH of 2, for example.
Understanding pH helps you make sense of everything from why certain cleaning products work better for specific tasks to how your body maintains the right chemical balance for health.
Quick tip: You can remember what pH measures by thinking: "pH tells you if hydrogen ions are partying hard (acidic) or hardly present (basic) in a solution!"
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and provides a precise measure of acidity or alkalinity. Solutions with a pH below 7 are acidic, with more hydrogen ions (H⁺) than hydroxide ions (OH⁻). The lower the number, the stronger the acid.
At exactly pH 7, a solution is neutral at 25°C, containing equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Distilled water is the classic example of a neutral substance.
Solutions with pH above 7 are basic (or alkaline), containing fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions. The higher the number, the stronger the base.
Make it relevant: Your body carefully maintains your blood at a slightly basic pH of about 7.4. Even small changes to this pH can cause serious health problems, showing how important acid-base balance is!
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Acids and bases are important chemical substances with distinctive properties that we encounter daily. Understanding how they differ, their common examples, and how we measure their strength using pH will help you recognize these chemicals in everyday life and understand... Show more
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Acids and bases are two fundamental chemical categories with opposite properties. They're everywhere around us - from the food we eat to the cleaning products we use at home.
You'll find that these substances play crucial roles in chemistry, biology, and even your everyday life. Learning about their properties helps explain why lemon juice tastes sour and why soap feels slippery!
Remember this! Almost everything you consume or use for cleaning contains either acids or bases - understanding their properties helps explain how these products work!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Acids and bases have distinct characteristics that make them easy to identify. Acids taste sour (like lemons), turn blue litmus paper red, and can react with active metals like iron and zinc. They also react with bases in neutralization reactions.
Bases taste bitter (though you should never taste chemicals!), turn red litmus paper blue, and feel slippery or soapy to the touch. This slippery feeling happens because bases react with fats on your skin to create soap - the same process that helps your dish soap cut through grease!
Both acids and bases are powerful substances with predictable reactions. When they meet each other, they form water and a salt through a process called neutralization.
Fun fact: Your skin oil contains fatty acids that react with bases to create soap. That's why bases feel slippery when you touch them (but please don't try this in the lab)!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
You encounter acids more often than you might realize! Vinegar contains acetic acid, which gives it that tangy smell and taste. The sour taste of lemon juice comes from citric acid, while tea contains tannic acid.
Even some animals use acids defensively. Ant venom contains formic acid, which creates that burning sensation when they bite you.
Some stronger acids, like muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid), are used for cleaning and industrial purposes. Even bleach has acidic properties in certain forms, which explains its powerful cleaning abilities.
Chemistry connection: The sour taste you experience in foods like vinegar and lemon juice is your tongue detecting the presence of acids!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Bases are just as common in your daily life as acids. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base used in manufacturing dishwashing liquid and other cleaning products because it cuts through grease effectively.
Baking soda is a mild base that helps neutralize stomach acid when you have heartburn. Similarly, milk of magnesia is a base used in antacids to provide relief from acid indigestion.
Even some bodily fluids like blood have slightly basic properties, which helps maintain proper chemical balance in your body. Many cleaning products, especially detergents, contain bases that help them remove dirt and stains.
Did you know? The slippery feeling you get when soap touches your hands happens because the base in the soap is reacting with oils on your skin!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The pH scale provides a simple way to measure how acidic or basic a solution is. The term "pH" stands for "potential hydrogen," referring to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
This concept is crucial because it gives scientists and everyday people a standardized way to discuss acidity and basicity. Instead of just saying something is "very acidic," we can specify it has a pH of 2, for example.
Understanding pH helps you make sense of everything from why certain cleaning products work better for specific tasks to how your body maintains the right chemical balance for health.
Quick tip: You can remember what pH measures by thinking: "pH tells you if hydrogen ions are partying hard (acidic) or hardly present (basic) in a solution!"
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and provides a precise measure of acidity or alkalinity. Solutions with a pH below 7 are acidic, with more hydrogen ions (H⁺) than hydroxide ions (OH⁻). The lower the number, the stronger the acid.
At exactly pH 7, a solution is neutral at 25°C, containing equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Distilled water is the classic example of a neutral substance.
Solutions with pH above 7 are basic (or alkaline), containing fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions. The higher the number, the stronger the base.
Make it relevant: Your body carefully maintains your blood at a slightly basic pH of about 7.4. Even small changes to this pH can cause serious health problems, showing how important acid-base balance is!
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Explore the fundamentals of buffer solutions, including preparation methods, the role of weak acids and their conjugate bases, and calculations for pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. This summary covers key concepts such as acid dissociation constant (Ka), buffer capacity, and the equilibrium shifts in response to added acids or alkalis. Ideal for students studying chemistry and seeking to understand the principles behind buffer systems.
ChemistryExplore the fundamentals of acids and alkalis, including the pH scale, properties of common acids and bases, and the process of salt formation through neutralization reactions. This summary covers key concepts such as strong and weak acids, polyatomic ions, and practical applications in chemistry. Ideal for students preparing for exams or seeking to deepen their understanding of acid-base chemistry.
ChemistryExplore the essential concepts of carboxylic acids, including their redox reactions with metals, acid-base interactions, solubility factors, and classification as weak acids. This summary covers key functional groups, naming conventions, and the formation of salts. Ideal for students studying organic chemistry.
ChemistryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
