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Feb 10, 2026
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Understanding Ionic and Covalent Bonds: Easy Examples and Lewis Structures
Laura Tillman
@lauratillman
1 / 3
Chemical Bonding Practice
This page provides practical examples and exercises to reinforce the concepts of chemical bonding. It covers the identification of bond types, the use of vectors to represent bond polarity, and the creation of Lewis dot structures.
The first exercise asks to identify the type of bond between different pairs of atoms, such as bromine-bromine, bromine-silicon, and bromine-calcium. This helps in understanding how electronegativity differences affect bond type.
Example: A bond between two bromine atoms is a non-polar covalent bond, while a bond between bromine and calcium is likely to be ionic.
The page introduces the use of vectors to represent the polarity of bonds. Vectors are drawn towards the more electronegative atom, indicating the direction of the electron pull.
Lewis dot structures are then explained as a way to represent the arrangement of valence electrons in molecules. The page provides a step-by-step guide for drawing Lewis structures:
- Determine the arrangement of atoms
- Count the total number of valence electrons
- Place bonding electron pairs between atoms
- Distribute remaining electrons as lone pairs
- Adjust to achieve octets for atoms (except hydrogen)
Example: The Lewis structure for CO₂ (carbon dioxide) is shown as O=C=O, with double bonds between carbon and oxygen atoms.
Advanced Concepts in Chemical Bonding
This page delves into more advanced topics related to chemical bonding, including resonance structures, molecular polarity, and three-dimensional molecular geometry.
Resonance is introduced as a concept where multiple valid Lewis structures can be drawn for a single molecule or polyatomic ion. The actual electronic structure is an average of all possible resonance structures.
Definition: Resonance is a condition where more than one Lewis structure can be drawn for a particular molecule or polyatomic ion, with the actual structure being an average of all possible structures.
The page then discusses how to determine whether a molecule is polar or non-polar. This involves a two-step process:
- Determine if the molecule has any polar bonds
- Assess the three-dimensional arrangement of these bonds
Highlight: A molecule can be polar even if it contains non-polar bonds, and vice versa, depending on its overall geometry.
The concept of dipole moment is introduced as a measure of molecular polarity. Molecules with symmetrically arranged polar bonds may have their individual bond dipoles cancel out, resulting in a non-polar molecule.
Vocabulary: A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system, such as a chemical bond or molecule.
The page concludes with practice exercises for drawing Lewis structures of more complex molecules and ions, reinforcing the concepts learned throughout the lesson.
Chemical Bonding Overview
Chemical bonding is the process by which atoms join together to form molecules and compounds. This page introduces the two main types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds and covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, typically between a metal and a non-metal. The process of forming an ionic bond involves several steps, including the sublimation of solid sodium and the ionization of gaseous sodium.
Example: The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) involves an ionic bond between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl).
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. They can be further classified as polar or non-polar covalent bonds, depending on the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved.
Vocabulary: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
The strength of a chemical bond is related to its bond length, which is the internuclear distance between the bonded atoms. The page also introduces the concept of electron affinity and ionization energy, which are crucial in understanding bond formation.
Highlight: The electronegativity difference between atoms determines the type of bond formed: ionic, polar covalent, or non-polar covalent.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
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Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Understanding Ionic and Covalent Bonds: Easy Examples and Lewis Structures
Laura Tillman
@lauratillman
Chemical bonding is a fundamental concept in chemistry, covering ionic and covalent bonds. This summary explores the formation of these bonds, their characteristics, and applications in various chemical structures. Aplicación de enlaces iónicos en química and estructuras de puntos de... Show more
Chemical Bonding Practice
This page provides practical examples and exercises to reinforce the concepts of chemical bonding. It covers the identification of bond types, the use of vectors to represent bond polarity, and the creation of Lewis dot structures.
The first exercise asks to identify the type of bond between different pairs of atoms, such as bromine-bromine, bromine-silicon, and bromine-calcium. This helps in understanding how electronegativity differences affect bond type.
Example: A bond between two bromine atoms is a non-polar covalent bond, while a bond between bromine and calcium is likely to be ionic.
The page introduces the use of vectors to represent the polarity of bonds. Vectors are drawn towards the more electronegative atom, indicating the direction of the electron pull.
Lewis dot structures are then explained as a way to represent the arrangement of valence electrons in molecules. The page provides a step-by-step guide for drawing Lewis structures:
- Determine the arrangement of atoms
- Count the total number of valence electrons
- Place bonding electron pairs between atoms
- Distribute remaining electrons as lone pairs
- Adjust to achieve octets for atoms (except hydrogen)
Example: The Lewis structure for CO₂ (carbon dioxide) is shown as O=C=O, with double bonds between carbon and oxygen atoms.
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Advanced Concepts in Chemical Bonding
This page delves into more advanced topics related to chemical bonding, including resonance structures, molecular polarity, and three-dimensional molecular geometry.
Resonance is introduced as a concept where multiple valid Lewis structures can be drawn for a single molecule or polyatomic ion. The actual electronic structure is an average of all possible resonance structures.
Definition: Resonance is a condition where more than one Lewis structure can be drawn for a particular molecule or polyatomic ion, with the actual structure being an average of all possible structures.
The page then discusses how to determine whether a molecule is polar or non-polar. This involves a two-step process:
- Determine if the molecule has any polar bonds
- Assess the three-dimensional arrangement of these bonds
Highlight: A molecule can be polar even if it contains non-polar bonds, and vice versa, depending on its overall geometry.
The concept of dipole moment is introduced as a measure of molecular polarity. Molecules with symmetrically arranged polar bonds may have their individual bond dipoles cancel out, resulting in a non-polar molecule.
Vocabulary: A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system, such as a chemical bond or molecule.
The page concludes with practice exercises for drawing Lewis structures of more complex molecules and ions, reinforcing the concepts learned throughout the lesson.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Chemical Bonding Overview
Chemical bonding is the process by which atoms join together to form molecules and compounds. This page introduces the two main types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds and covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, typically between a metal and a non-metal. The process of forming an ionic bond involves several steps, including the sublimation of solid sodium and the ionization of gaseous sodium.
Example: The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) involves an ionic bond between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl).
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. They can be further classified as polar or non-polar covalent bonds, depending on the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved.
Vocabulary: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
The strength of a chemical bond is related to its bond length, which is the internuclear distance between the bonded atoms. The page also introduces the concept of electron affinity and ionization energy, which are crucial in understanding bond formation.
Highlight: The electronegativity difference between atoms determines the type of bond formed: ionic, polar covalent, or non-polar covalent.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user