Chemical Reactions

Alternative transcript:

substance showing. the # of a particular molecule! → all elements in a compound | molecule Subscripts # after an element within a compound of that element | PAI → only ONE element. Solubility small degree! soluble solid- a solid that readily dissolves in water (aq) Insoluble solid- CI solid that dissolves in such a that it's not detectable by naked eye (5) precipitate an insoluble solid that forms during a reaction (s) → cloudy / solid States of Matter soluble aqueous acids = aqueous solid = insoluble = elemental form : solid diatomic molecules = gases * Most covalent compounds are liquid / gas* → Methane, curbon clioride, Carbon monoxicle = guses Amenonia: liquid others will be indicated. ссссссссссссссссссссссссс C what is the Law of conservation of Mass ? what does the Law of Conservation of Mass State? Matter is neither created nor destroyed - starting mass of reactants : final mass of products this must be obeyed in balance equat lons. → Same # of each element. How do I balance equations ? ex. H₂0 ? Coefficients are used to balance equations. → Subscripts are NOT & CANNOT be changed. 2 H1 3 H₂O = 6 H a reaction, so therefore, we must. I chemical reactions 10 30 Coefficients show proportions of: oxication #s - formula units molecules involved → relative amount. expressed in mules. Tips: balance by adding coefficients DO NOT change subscrips · ND Coffficient. = 1 use whole #s - use correct formulas • use an element inventory. use PAIS (IS one (for now) on both sides Oxidation states The oxidation state (or oxidation #) is (In inclicator of the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an a tom, a chemical compound exactly The oxication # is a hypothetical charge that an atom would have it all bonds to atoms of diff. elements were 100% ionic. → this isn't are usually the tru uy ->> for real bonds. charge of an a tom (but not always) KOKUYO LOOSE LEAF [Cont) Oxidation #s are has occurred. Types of used. Rules for Oxidation. ·any free element or diatomic molecule's oxidation # =0² Oxidation # of a monatomic ion charge of ion. · Hydrogen is usually 11, but could be if bonded of a metal to determine if a redox reaction There are Metals have + oxidation #ts to their charge. Sum of oxidation # of all atoms in a particle must = the charge of that particle. Chemical reactions. 2 types of chemical reactions: Redox reactions Redox Reactions movement of electrons. → oxidation - recluction reactions. Double displacement reactions oxidation a recluction occur @ the same time, The # of electrons Jost must equal the # of electrons gained.. A change in oxidation # of an atomlion indicates a redox reaction has occurred. →no change in oxidation # = no redox reaction has occurred. lose electron => oxiuited -7 more + gained electrons =recluced =7 more - * reactants are oxidited & reduced NOT products +o Fen Heal 6304 24 HA 3915 129 45 THEN PATA SUPE 135 20 SE f Ein 42 123 Redox Reactions - movement of Chemical reactions electron (s) an Single displacement - An uncombined element digtomic molecule replaces element part of a compound. Gen. formula At BX →AX + B cations will replace cations. anions will replace anions → follow activity series -If there are not replacements, then there is no reaction (NR) Synthesis reaction - 2 or more simple substances. are combined to form one more complex substange. Gen. formula A + B AB Decomposition reaction: A compler substance breaks down to two or more simpler substances. (Gen. formular AB A TB. combustion reaction' hydrocarbons are burned in oxygen to substances mache of carbon, hydrogen, and some times oxygen] def Activity Series reactions produce flame a heat • All reactants. → sometimes, hydro carbon can be a liquid... & products are in a gas phase Gen. Formula' AX + BY produce carbon dioxide & water rapor Gen formulas Cx Hy (1) + O₂(g) → CO₂ (9) + H₂O(g) def: hydro carbuns one of the proclucts formed must be: a precipitate (5) Arrangement of elements. organized in the order of ease w/ which they undergo certain chemical. reaction → only for single displacement → element can replace any element not above types: -halogen activity series. • metals activity series. 2 Double displacement reactions - two diff. compounds react a form two new! compounds. Can be called double replacement. AY + + BX below but a liquid (water I will be indicated) a gas (diatomics will be indicated) Nentralization Reaction- an acid reacts up a base & procluces a salt & water KOKUYO LOOSE LEAF -8375-5 (cont.) precipitation Reaction a precipitate is formed. →insoluble solid Gas Forming Reaction: A gas is formed. Electrolytes. def electrolytes → looks graing, chunky, powdery, Cloudy and for milky) a compound dissociates and breaks apart into its ions. string electrolytes dissociate completely when dissolved in water. → strong acid | hases, soluble ionic salts weak electrolytes dissociate only partially when dissolved in water → weak acids / bases Types of Equations non electrolytes do not dissociate when dissolved in water / does not clissolve → solids, liquids, gases, and covalent molecules. Molecular equations list reactant & products in their molecular and indicates State of meitter. form Tonic Equations show all strong electrolytes are dissociate cla into their lons. → Break apart all (aa) substances into iunc. Net junic equations are ionic equations where spectator ions have been eliminated... def: Spectator con 410 on both the an ion that exists in the same form reactant a product sides of a chemical reaction. → if there is no net conic equation, there is no reaction. (20 19 JE