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Atomic Structure and Historical Development: A Comprehensive Guide

This guide is an educational resource for high school students in physics and chemistry, focusing on the structure and historical evolution of the atom. It is crafted to provide a clear and direct understanding of atomic theory and structure. The key components of this guide include: - A detailed model of the atom, including labeled parts to illustrate its structure. - Information on the mass of an electron in atomic mass units (amu), helping to understand atomic mass and composition. - A structured worksheet on the atom's structure, enabling interactive learning and reinforcement of key concepts. - Clarification on where the majority of an atom's mass is located, highlighting the significance of the atomic nucleus. - Explanation that atoms of the same element possess the same number of protons, a fundamental aspect of atomic identity. - A detailed look at how the sum of protons and neutrons contributes to the overall mass of an atom. - Guidance on using the mass number to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom. - Insight into the components of an atom's nucleus, specifically the protons and neutrons. - A timeline of the atom's history, tracing key discoveries and theories that have shaped our current understanding. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of atomic structure and its historical development, offering students a solid foundation in understanding fundamental concepts in physics and chemistry.

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Structures of an Atom Key Eletrons -Protons -Nuetrons O-Nucleus -Orbit/Shell/clouds Electrons - Negative Charge, floating around in orbits Nuetron - No charge, neutral, but still have mass Protons positive charge Nucleus - Center of the atom, Aka the brain of the cell History of the Atom Timeline Democritus (460 bc) Discovered and named Tiny particles "Atomos" Deemed that Atomos vary in size and shape John Dalton(1766-1844) Atomic Theory: All elements are composed of atoms (example, H20) Atoms of same element are identical in mass and size JJ Thompson (1856-1940) Plum Pudding Model - Negatively charged electrons stuck on a positive sphere, similar to that of raisins in a bowl of plum pudding (icky) Also discovered the electron Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) Nuclear Atom (1911) - electrons sit in a space around a dense and positively charged nucleus Dubbed the "Father of the Nuclear age" Niels Bohr (1885-1962) Plantery Atom (1913) - Electrons did not fall in the nucleus because of their high speeds, similar to how planets orbit around the sun

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Structure of the Atom and the History of the Atom Timeline