Major Geologic Hazards and Their Effects
Earthquakes rank among Earth's most violent natural phenomena. These sudden ground movements can trigger multiple hazards including ground shaking, surface faulting, landslides, and tsunamis. When earthquakes occur under the ocean, the displacement of water can create devastating tsunami waves that travel across entire oceans.
Earthquake-triggered landslides come in various forms—from rock avalanches and rapid soil flows to rock falls. These secondary hazards often cause significant damage, especially in areas with water-saturated soils.
Volcanic eruptions occur when magma is released from a volcano, creating spectacular but dangerous displays of Earth's power. Even dormant volcanoes pose some risk. The hazards from volcanic activity include tephra falls (ash and rock fragments), pyroclastic flows fast−movingcloudsofhotgasandmaterial, lahars (mudflows), lava flows, and poisonous gases.
Safety tip: If you live in an area prone to geologic hazards, having an emergency plan and preparation kit can save lives. Knowing evacuation routes and meeting points is essential for your family's safety!