Alternative transcript:

and then the rate of violent crime went. Jones is responsible for the rise in crime" ● Slippery Slope- • Definition: The arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequences, will take place, but there's really not enough evidence for the assumption • Example- Jf we give in every time our baby cries, he will always pitch a fit to get what he wants and he will end up in prison because we never set limits Appeal to Authority: • Definition- Often we add strength to our arguments by referring to respected sources or authorities ● Example- "We should abolish the death penalty. Many respected people such as actor Channing Tatum, have publicly stated their opposition it" Appeal to Pity: • Definition- The appeal to pity takes place when an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone • Example- "I know the exam is graded based on performance, but you should give me an A. My cat has been sick, my car broke down, and I've had a cold, so it was really hard for me to study!" Straw Man: • Definition- One way of making our own argument stronger is to anticipate and respond in advance to the arguments that an opponent might make Example- Caroline says that she thinks her friends should not be so rude to the new girl. Jenna says that she cannot believe that Caroline is choosing to be better friends with the new girls than the girls who have always known her False Dichotomy: ● • Definition- Jn false dichotomy, the arguer sets up the situation so it looks like there are only two choices. The arguer then eliminates one of the choices, so it seems that we are left with only one option: the one the arguer wanted us to pick in the first place • Example- "Caldwell Hall is in bad shape. Either we tear it down and put a new building or we continue to risk students' safety. Obviously, we shouldn't risk anyone's safety, so we should tear it down Poetry Diction: • The poet's choice of words. Words have different meanings and associations attached to them • The words of the poem should match the meaning and the theme the author is trying to get across Denotation: • The dictionary definition of a word Connotation: • The emotions, thoughts, and ideas associated with words • Can be positive, negative, or neutral Jmagery: • The basic foundation of any type of writing • Words that generate pictures in a reader's mind • Use of the five senses: hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling, and touching Theme/ Moral: • Main lesson, focus, or meaning of the poem Mood: • Emotions or feelings you have while reading the poem Poetic Voices: • Lyric- Poems written in a song-like style (anything on the radio). These poems often rhyme and have a specific "flow" • Narrative- Poems that tell a story (most common) • Dramatic- Poems that contain dialogue Tone: • The way the author treats the subject • Not have you feel, but the way the author feels about the topic Verse: • One written line of poetry • Usually appear numbered in poems and depending on the length of the poem, they could be numbered every 5 lines, 10 lines, or more Stanza: • A group of verses within a poem, similar to a paragraph • A stanza break is a break between two stanzas in a poem Refrain: • Repetition of a verse or group of verses in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza • Refrains are in almost every song and are usually what the author considers the most important part or theme Figurative Language Terms Alliteration: • Repetition of common consonant sounds within a poem Assonance: • Repetition of common vowel sounds in a poem Onomatopoeia: • Words whose sounds express their meanings Simile: • Comparison between two things using "like" or "as" Metaphor: • Comparison between two things using "is" or "are" Personification: . Giving non-living things realistic and/ or life-like characteristics Hyperbole: • Extreme exaggeration to make a point Idiom: • Phrase or expression that typically presents a figurative, non-literal meaning attached to the phrase • Example- That test was a piece of cake. Poem Formats/ Organization Patterns Finding the Rhyme Scheme: • Method used to find the rhyme in a poem by looking at the last word in each verse • Start with the letter "A" to begin the pattern. If the end word rhymes, it gets the same letter. If not, move on to the next letter ● Example- The bird fell from the tree A Suddenly there were feathers on me A J said, "Oh no" B Jt looks like snow B Free Verse: • Poem that has no specific rhyme pattern • This type of poem will not have letters repeating in any type of pattern Haiku: • 3 line poem, often about nature, with 17 total syllables • Each line is set up with the following pattern: o Line 1-5 syllables o Line 2-7 syllables o Line 3-5 syllables Quatrain: • 4-line poem following a specific rhyme pattern • The poem should follow one of the following patterns: o Abab o Abba o Aabb Cinquain: • 5-line poem following one of the specific patterns: o Line 1- One word (Often a noun) o Line 2- Two words (Often verbs) o Line 3- Three words (Often adjectives) o Line 4-Four words (Often a phrase) o Line 5- One word (Often a synonym for line 1) Acrostic: • One word is written DOWN on the left side of the page (The topic of the poem), with words filling in each letter group going to the right • Example- Hockey is my favorite sport On the ice or street Cool and fun Keep on playing Exercise and stronger You should try Character Traits: • Character traits, or qualities shown by characters, help us to characterize people in the story and analyze what they're like • There are two types of characterization: o Direct o Indirect Direct: • Direct Characterization- The author specifically reveals a trait about the character • Example- Ms. Smith was extremely lazy when it came to keeping her house tidy. It is revealed that Ms. Smith is lazy when it comes to keeping her house tidy Indirect: • Indirect Characterization- The author uses the character's physical appearance, speech, thoughts, actions, and other character's voice to reveal a trait about the character ● Example- Ms. Smith's shirt was wrinkled, and had a coffee stain on it. It didn't look like it had been washed since the last time she wore it. It is revealed that Ms. Smith doesn't take care of herself Motivation: • Another key aspect of analyzing characters is figuring out their motivation, or the reasons behind a character's actions • There are two types of motivation: o Intrinsic o Extrinsic Intrinsic: • Intrinsic Motivation- Motivation from within. It is linked to personal pleasure, enjoyment, and interest. A soccer player is intrinsically motivated to practice because performing well at a game is important to him o Man vs. Society- Laws and rules. A character struggling against an outside force Sequence and Time: ● Chronological Order- Most stories are told like that. They are told using a linear structure (First, Second, Next, Then, Finally) • Flashback- An account of a conversation, episode, or event that happened earlier in time or earlier in the plot • Foreshadowing- A writer's use of hints or clues in early scenes to suggest events that will occur later Unit 2 Citing Textual Evidence: • Citing textual evidence properly is an extremely important aspect of English • Jn order to do this, you will need three pieces of information: o Relevant piece of textual evidence that supports the claim that you are proving o Page number the evidence comes from o The author of the work's last name Any idea that isn't originally yours belongs in quotes. If you need to change it at all, place brackets [] around the changed aspect of the quote. DO NOT use any punctuation inside the quotation marks UNLESS it is an exclamation point (!) or question mark (?) RAJSE can be used to remember how to use quotes to answer questions Restate and Answer the question Introduce and cite relevant Support Explain how the support answers the question Point of View (POV): • Point of View- The perspective from which a narrative is told from. Narratives are often told by narrators, or the voice that tells the story. There are four different points of view: first, second, third-person limited, and third-person omniscient • First Person POV- The narrator is a character in the story and they're telling it. The narrator will use words like J, me, my, is, we, and our . Second-Person POV- The narrator addresses the reader, making you a part of the story. The narrator uses words like you, your, and yours Third-Person Limited POV- The narrator is not a character, but the voice that tells us the plot. This POV focuses on the thoughts, feelings, and actions of ONE character. The narrator uses words like he, she, they, them, him, her, and their • Third-Person Omniscient POV- The narrator is not a character, but the voice that tells us the plot. An omniscient narrator is all-knowing and they know the thoughts, feelings, and actions of All characters. The narrator uses words like he, she, they, them, him, her, and their 9th Grade English Notes Email Etiquette What is email etiquette? • Email etiquette is an essential set of guidelines and expectations for how people should communicate electronically Formatting: • Your emails should always include these elements: o Subject o Salutation (Greetings) o Body o Closing o Signature Subject: • The subject needs to be direct and clear • The recipient should know immediately what the email will be about by reading JUST the subject line Salutation (Greetings): All emails should begin with a salutation Body: • The body should explicitly state the reason why you're writing • Example 1- J am writing this email to kindly ask you for a letter of recommendation. • Example 2- Can you please look over my paper and check it for errors? Closing: • The closing of your email should be simple and professional ● Examples- Sincerely, Regards, J look forward to your reply Signature: • After your closing, your signature needs to include important information • Jnclude- Your full name and your contact information Tone: • When emailing, always remain positive and academic • Avoid writing with sarcasm and humor at all times, because they do not belong in an email Discourse: • The way you and your friends speak may not be the discourse for professional emails • Discourse is written or spoken communication Digital Footprint: • Once you hit "send", your email is published forever. Be mindful of the digital footprint you create and leave behind • Use emails to help you keep a digital record of important messages. You can organize your emails into folders to keep track of important communication Attachments: • There is a difference between sending content in an email and sending something as an attachment • Before sending an attachment, make sure that it's in a universal format so that it can be opened easily Glittering Generalities: • The commercial is filled with words that have positive connotations attached to them, such as tasty or sensational. All that glitters is not gold! Transfer: The process of using names and faces of people, but not using direct quotes Plain Folks: Ordinary people are used to see a product. We are led to believe there people are just like us Product Comparison: The commercial features a comparison between the product and its competition, showing the competition as inferior Logical Fallacies What is the definition of Fallacy? • A failure in reasoning that renders an argument invalid • Faculty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument • Fallacious arguments are very, very common and can be quite persuasive. You can find dozens of examples of fallacious reasons in newspapers, advertisements, and other sources Hasty Generalization: • Definition- Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate • Example- "My roommate said her philosophy class was hard, and the one I'm in is hard too. All philosophy classes must be hard!" Two people's experiences are, in this case, not enough on philosophy classes being hard Extrinsic: • Extrinsic Motivation- Motivation from an outside force. This typically comes from money, power, or lust. The same soccer player may be extrinsically motivated to practice and do well in games, so he can become captain of the team Persuasion What is persuasion? • A means of convincing people: o To buy a certain product o To believe something or act in a certain way o To agree with a point of view Slogan: • A catchy phrase or statement often used to sell a service or a product Repetition: • The name of a product is repeated many times Bandwagon: • You are urged to believe/ do something because everybody else does Testimonial: • A well-known person supports a product or service by verbally supporting it Emotional Appeal: • Words or images that appeal to the audience's emotions are used. The appeal may be to positive or negative emotions Expert Opinion: • Experts (in their field) approve this product, so you should use it