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Rhea Meka
12/3/2025
English
AP English 3 Vocabulary
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Dec 3, 2025
•
AP English 3 Vocabulary: Mastering Word Roots
Rhea Meka
@rheameka_nsvv
1 / 10
Introduction to Word Stems
This collection breaks down important word stems from Greek and Latin origins that appear in countless English words. Learning these roots helps you recognize patterns in vocabulary and guess the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Think of these stems as the DNA of our language - once you know them, you'll start seeing them everywhere!
Path: Feeling
The Greek stem path relates to feelings or suffering. You'll find it in words like "sympathy" (feeling compassion for others), "pathetic" (evoking pity), and "pathos" (a quality that evokes emotion).
When characters in movies make you feel sad or moved, they're using pathos to connect with you emotionally.
Quick Tip: Remember "empathy" uses this stem too - it means actually feeling what another person feels, not just understanding it.
A: Not
The Greek stem a means "not" or "without" and appears at the beginning of words. Examples include "amoral" (without morality), "amorphous" (without definite shape), and "atheist" (someone who does not believe in god).
This prefix is super useful for creating opposites in English. It changes positive qualities into their negative counterparts.
Remember This: Don't confuse "a" (without) with "im-" or "un-" prefixes, which also indicate negation but come from different origins.
Nomy: Law
The Greek stem nomy relates to laws, systems, or governance. You'll see it in "astronomy" (laws of stars), "economy" (management of resources), and "Deuteronomy" (a book of laws in the Bible).
This stem often appears in words describing organized fields of study or systems with established principles.
Fun Fact: When you study for an economics test, you're literally learning about the "laws" of how money and resources work in society!
Fid: Faith
The Latin stem fid relates to faith, trust, or loyalty. Common examples include "infidel" (one without faith), "fidelity" (faithfulness), and "confidence" (trust in someone or something).
This stem appears in many relationship-related words because trust forms the foundation of connections between people.
Think About It: When you have "confidence" in yourself, you're actually placing faith in your own abilities!
Caco: Bad
The Greek stem caco means "bad" or "evil." You'll find it in words like "cacophony" (harsh, unpleasant sounds), "cacography" (bad handwriting), and "cacodemon" (evil spirit).
This stem instantly adds a negative quality to any word it joins. It's less common than some other stems but very distinctive when you spot it.
Word Alert: If you see "caco" at the start of a word, prepare for something unpleasant or problematic to follow!
Hetero: Different
The Greek stem hetero means "different" or "other." Common examples include "heterodox" (different belief), "heterogeneous" (made of different kinds), and "heteronym" (same spelling but different pronunciation and meaning).
Heterogeneous mixtures like chocolate chip cookies, pizza, and tossed salad contain visibly different components that don't blend completely.
Real-Life Connection: Think about your friend group - if it's heterogeneous, it means your friends come from different backgrounds or have varied interests!
Sci: Know
The Latin stem sci relates to knowledge or knowing. You'll recognize it in words like "science" (systematic knowledge), "conscience" (moral knowledge), and "omniscience" (knowing everything).
This stem appears in words connected to learning, research, and understanding. It forms the foundation of how we describe the pursuit of knowledge.
Power Tip: When you study any science subject, remember you're developing your ability to "know" about the world through observation and testing!
Graph: Write
The Greek stem graph means "to write" or "to record." Common examples include "bibliography" (written list of sources), "photograph" , and "autography" (writing in one's own handwriting).
This versatile stem appears in countless modern words related to writing, recording, and visual representation.
Modern Connection: Every time you take a "selfie," you're actually creating a photo-"graph" - literally writing with light!
Lat: Side
The Latin stem lat refers to "side." You'll find it in words like "bilateral" (having two sides), "unilateral" , and "lateral" (relating to the side).
In fish anatomy, the lateral line runs along the side of the fish, while lateral fins extend from the sides of the body. This stem helps describe position and direction.
Sports Connection: When football commentators talk about a "lateral pass," they're referring to a sideways throw parallel to the line of scrimmage!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
AP English 3 Vocabulary: Mastering Word Roots
Rhea Meka
@rheameka_nsvv
Welcome to Word Within the Word: List 3! This guide explores common Greek and Latin roots that form the building blocks of English vocabulary. Understanding these stems will help you decode unfamiliar words and strengthen your language skills.
Introduction to Word Stems
This collection breaks down important word stems from Greek and Latin origins that appear in countless English words. Learning these roots helps you recognize patterns in vocabulary and guess the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Think of these stems as the DNA of our language - once you know them, you'll start seeing them everywhere!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Path: Feeling
The Greek stem path relates to feelings or suffering. You'll find it in words like "sympathy" (feeling compassion for others), "pathetic" (evoking pity), and "pathos" (a quality that evokes emotion).
When characters in movies make you feel sad or moved, they're using pathos to connect with you emotionally.
Quick Tip: Remember "empathy" uses this stem too - it means actually feeling what another person feels, not just understanding it.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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A: Not
The Greek stem a means "not" or "without" and appears at the beginning of words. Examples include "amoral" (without morality), "amorphous" (without definite shape), and "atheist" (someone who does not believe in god).
This prefix is super useful for creating opposites in English. It changes positive qualities into their negative counterparts.
Remember This: Don't confuse "a" (without) with "im-" or "un-" prefixes, which also indicate negation but come from different origins.
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Nomy: Law
The Greek stem nomy relates to laws, systems, or governance. You'll see it in "astronomy" (laws of stars), "economy" (management of resources), and "Deuteronomy" (a book of laws in the Bible).
This stem often appears in words describing organized fields of study or systems with established principles.
Fun Fact: When you study for an economics test, you're literally learning about the "laws" of how money and resources work in society!
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Fid: Faith
The Latin stem fid relates to faith, trust, or loyalty. Common examples include "infidel" (one without faith), "fidelity" (faithfulness), and "confidence" (trust in someone or something).
This stem appears in many relationship-related words because trust forms the foundation of connections between people.
Think About It: When you have "confidence" in yourself, you're actually placing faith in your own abilities!
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Caco: Bad
The Greek stem caco means "bad" or "evil." You'll find it in words like "cacophony" (harsh, unpleasant sounds), "cacography" (bad handwriting), and "cacodemon" (evil spirit).
This stem instantly adds a negative quality to any word it joins. It's less common than some other stems but very distinctive when you spot it.
Word Alert: If you see "caco" at the start of a word, prepare for something unpleasant or problematic to follow!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Hetero: Different
The Greek stem hetero means "different" or "other." Common examples include "heterodox" (different belief), "heterogeneous" (made of different kinds), and "heteronym" (same spelling but different pronunciation and meaning).
Heterogeneous mixtures like chocolate chip cookies, pizza, and tossed salad contain visibly different components that don't blend completely.
Real-Life Connection: Think about your friend group - if it's heterogeneous, it means your friends come from different backgrounds or have varied interests!
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Sci: Know
The Latin stem sci relates to knowledge or knowing. You'll recognize it in words like "science" (systematic knowledge), "conscience" (moral knowledge), and "omniscience" (knowing everything).
This stem appears in words connected to learning, research, and understanding. It forms the foundation of how we describe the pursuit of knowledge.
Power Tip: When you study any science subject, remember you're developing your ability to "know" about the world through observation and testing!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Graph: Write
The Greek stem graph means "to write" or "to record." Common examples include "bibliography" (written list of sources), "photograph" , and "autography" (writing in one's own handwriting).
This versatile stem appears in countless modern words related to writing, recording, and visual representation.
Modern Connection: Every time you take a "selfie," you're actually creating a photo-"graph" - literally writing with light!
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Lat: Side
The Latin stem lat refers to "side." You'll find it in words like "bilateral" (having two sides), "unilateral" , and "lateral" (relating to the side).
In fish anatomy, the lateral line runs along the side of the fish, while lateral fins extend from the sides of the body. This stem helps describe position and direction.
Sports Connection: When football commentators talk about a "lateral pass," they're referring to a sideways throw parallel to the line of scrimmage!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user