Act 1 Scene 7: Macbeth's Moral Dilemma

In this extract from Act 1 Scene 7, Shakespeare presents the theme of morality through Macbeth's soliloquy as he grapples with the decision to murder King Duncan. This scene is crucial in exploring the moral conflict at the heart of the play.

Macbeth's internal struggle is evident from the opening lines, where he weighs the consequences of his potential actions. Shakespeare uses the metaphor of "trammel up the consequence" to illustrate Macbeth's desire to contain the repercussions of the murder, showing his awareness of the moral implications.

Vocabulary: "Trammel" means to restrict or entangle, highlighting Macbeth's wish to limit the fallout from his actions.

The playwright delves into the concept of justice and retribution through Macbeth's reflection. The idea that "we but teach / Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return / To plague the inventor" demonstrates Macbeth's understanding that his actions could set a dangerous precedent and ultimately lead to his own downfall.

Shakespeare also explores the theme of loyalty and hospitality in conflict with ambition. Macbeth acknowledges his roles as Duncan's "kinsman," "subject," and "host," all of which morally obligate him to protect rather than harm the king.

Highlight: The phrase "He's here in double trust" emphasizes the multiple bonds of loyalty that Macbeth is considering breaking, adding to the moral weight of his decision.

The vivid imagery of Duncan's virtues pleading "like angels, trumpet-tongued" against his murder further underscores the moral dilemma. Shakespeare uses this powerful metaphor to illustrate the strength of the moral argument against the assassination.

This soliloquy is a pivotal moment in the play, showcasing Macbeth's last bout with his conscience before embarking on his tragic path. It provides deep insight into the character's psyche and the moral complexities of the play.

Example: Macbeth exam questions and model answers often focus on this soliloquy to explore themes of morality, ambition, and character development.

Act 1 Scene 7: Lady Macbeth's Manipulation

In this extract from Act 1 Scene 7, Shakespeare presents the complex dynamic between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, focusing on the themes of gender, power, and manipulation. This scene is crucial in understanding Lady Macbeth's role in pushing her husband towards his fateful decision.

Lady Macbeth's aggressive questioning of Macbeth's manhood is a key strategy in her manipulation. She equates masculinity with the ability to carry out violent acts, challenging Macbeth's hesitation by asking, "What beast was't, then, / That made you break this enterprise to me?" This tactic plays on societal expectations of masculinity and bravery.

Highlight: The phrase "When you durst do it, then you were a man" directly links the act of murder with Macbeth's manhood, a powerful manipulation tactic.

Shakespeare uses Lady Macbeth's shocking declaration about infanticide to demonstrate the extremes of her ambition and her willingness to subvert natural order. Her statement that she would have "pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, / And dash'd the brains out" of her own child is a disturbing image that showcases her determination and ruthlessness.

Quote: "I have given suck, and know / How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me: / I would, while it was smiling in my face, / Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, / And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you / Have done to this."

The contrast between Macbeth's doubt ("If we should fail?") and Lady Macbeth's resolute response ("We fail!") highlights the difference in their characters at this point. Lady Macbeth's unwavering commitment to their plan is juxtaposed with Macbeth's lingering hesitation.

This scene is pivotal in the play's exploration of gender roles, ambition, and the corruption of moral values. It showcases Lady Macbeth's powerful influence over her husband and sets the stage for the tragic events to follow.

Example: Macbeth powerful character analysis exam questions PDF often include analysis of this scene to explore the dynamics between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.