Tom Robinson was a key character in To Kill a Mockingbird whose trial became the central focus of the novel's exploration of racial injustice in the American South. As a 25-year-old Black man accused of raping Mayella Ewell, Robinson's physical description included a disabled left arm from a childhood accident - a crucial detail that later proved significant during the trial. Despite clear evidence of his innocence, including his own compelling testimony about how Mayella had actually tried to seduce him, the all-white jury found him guilty.
During the trial, Atticus Finch's closing argument powerfully highlighted the lack of medical evidence and the clear discrepancies in the Ewells' testimonies. The trial revealed that Mayella Ewell's testimony was filled with inconsistencies, particularly regarding how a man with a useless left arm could have caused the injuries on the right side of her face. Tom Robinson's testimony provided a different account - he explained how Mayella had kissed him against his will, and when her father Bob Ewell discovered them, she fabricated the rape accusation to cover her shame of desiring a Black man. What happened to Tom Robinson ultimately reflected the deep-seated racism of the time - he was sentenced to death, and while awaiting appeal, he was shot seventeen times while allegedly trying to escape prison.
The case highlighted several key discrepancies in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly between physical evidence and witness accounts. Tom Robinson's background as a married father who regularly helped Mayella with chores out of pity contrasted sharply with the prosecution's portrayal of him as a dangerous criminal. Why did Mayella accuse Tom? The novel suggests it was a combination of her father's influence and the need to hide her own actions in a society where any interaction between a white woman and a Black man was taboo. Through the trial and its aftermath, Harper Lee masterfully illustrated how racial prejudice could override both evidence and justice, making Tom Robinson's story a powerful commentary on American society in the 1930s.