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Bastille, and after four hours of fighting, the prison warden surrendered. Paris was abandoned to the rebels. 57 Great Fear Peasant rebellions became part of the vast panic. Rumors spread from village to village that foreign troops were on the way to put down the revolution. Peasants reacted by breaking into the houses of the lords to destroy the records of their obligations. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen A charter of basic liberties. Reflecting Enlightenment thought, the declaration proclaimed that all men were free and equal before the law. Appointment to public office should be based on talent, and that no group should be exempt from taxation. Freedom of speech and of the press were affirmed. Olympe de Gouges, refused to accept this exclusion of women, she wrote her own declaration. FORCE ET VERTU CONSTITUTION FRANÇAISE DROITS DE GHONNE DU CHEOTEM pagine ACELEANS Tenez LE TURME DEDIE AUX REPRESENTANS DU PRUFLE FRANÇAIS 18 DECLARATION DES DROITS DE LHOMME ET DU (FTOY ENA Plevesés par Aurinble Naronais dans le sens die s 1 PRÉAMBULE ARTICLE de dsq Les d மரர் LA los que se Acte de p ya kamena sa am males de lessesid. f A parla map & Apres de la vale gid et dret de surpresa yer a outs dis paremplis publes, en la paciosa a dinion que celles de leurs N les cames park de la pr de publique par la dep alle des cheye par kurs représentans la mesa de coton p ligut, de la cara Mant, den element en la duré Twitté s'ha dona de dender age admi dan pelle la gran des de les permion des pouvotre déterminde petre d la publique blac AUX REPRESENTANS DU PEUPLE FRANCOIS Constitution of 1791 Set up a limited monarchy. There was still a king, but a Legislative Assembly would make the laws. Legislative Assembly was to consist of 745 representatives chosen in such a way that only the more affluent members of society would be elected. By 1791, the old order had been destroyed, but the new government did not have universal support. Political radicals wanted more reform. DECRET DE L'ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE. Du trois Septembre 1791. La Constitution Declaration sea droits de l'homme et du Citoyen. Asemblee Teatral Cable an D's Comp LA CONSTITUTION FRANÇAISE, PriseTis an Ror par L'ASSEMELE NATIONALE, le 3 Septembre 1791, et acceptée par SA MAJESTÉ le 14 du même mois. DÉCLARATION DES DROITS DE L'HOMME ET DU CITOYEN. Le point de people français, tournent toujours en maintien de la contre Abide Nationale, constitution et en boaleur de toe. comércat que ligance, Polies Es conséque, l'Assemblée Na- In mis des droits de Thomme st lisale recuni didas, ptd- to alla con des malleurs publics es del curs des guvernemen, till balenits natus, in balles serés de Photos, afin que es diclaction continent posons du corps social, leur appelle e crue leurs draits et leur deyains; alin que les actes de paie législatif, et cox dup or extortif pouvant à chaqin incompas avec le but de toate inition politique, on peut plus que la clamation de et sous les auspices de PE-Su- ple, les droits misans de ma ANTICLE PARMIRE. Les bons naisest et dement hers et égas su desis. Les distincs tions sociales ne peut dure foalice que se l'utilisé commune. It. Le but de toute association poli tique est la consertation des droits - turele et imprescriptibles de le, Ces droits sont la liberté, la propriété, la straté, et la résistanen & Poppens 111. Le principe de toute souverai- Civil Constitution of the Clergy New government needed money, by seizing and selling of Church lands. Church was formally brought under the control of the state. ● Bishops and priests were to be elected by the people, not appointed by the pope and the Church hierarchy. State would also pay the salaries of the bishops and priests. Many Catholics became enemies of the revolution. Nous allons à la grace de Dieu. POISONED SHEIK TALA IV Le Demenagement du Clergé V prd mc Bonifices, rien n'gate ma doulour Radical Revolution and Reaction Lesson 2 elector An individual qualified to vote in an election 30,000 people in the whole nation qualified. Was a significant change from the universal male suffrage the Paris Commune had demanded. ATO C coup d'etat A sudden overthrow of the government. 1799 the successful and popular general Napoleon Bonaparte toppled the Directory. Military leader turned on the government. Girondins and Jacobins Citizens had formed political clubs of varying social and political views. Girondins tended to represent areas outside Paris. Feared the radical mobs of Paris. Interests of radicals in Paris. Jacobins felt the king needed to be executed. ● THE DIST-PC PP M Reign of Terror Adopted policies to defend France from domestic threats. Revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute counter revolutionaries and traitors. Almost 40,000 people were killed. 16,000 people were killed by guillotine. Most executions occurred in towns that had openly rebelled against the Convention. Clergy and nobles made up about 15 percent of the victims, while the rest were from the Third Estate. Committee of Public Safety ● The National Convention gave broad powers to a special committee of 12 to deal with crisis. Dominated by the radical Jacobin Maximilien Robespierre. In 1793 and 1794, the Committee of Public Safety took control of the government. To defend France from domestic threats. Committee adopted policies that became known as the Reign of Terror. Constitution of 1795 Set up two legislative houses. Lower house, the Council of 500, drafted laws. Upper house of 250, the Council of Elders, accepted or rejected proposed laws. Both houses were chosen by electors. CONSTITUTION DE EX REPLIQUE FRANCAISE CONSTITUTION OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, OFFERED TO The French People, BY THE NATIONAL CONVENTION C AND RATIFIED BY THE PEOPLE, IN PRIMARY ASSEMBLIES MET. TRANSLATED FROM A CORRECT FRENCH ORIGINAL. PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED AND SOLD BY BENJ. FRANKLIN BACHE, NO. 111, MARKET-STREET. 1795. The Directory An executive was a committee of five. Chosen by the Council of Elders. Lasted from 1795 to 1799, became known mainly for corruption. Some people took advantage of the government's severe money problems during these difficult times. Faced political enemies from both conservatives and radicals. People wanted to bring back the monarchy, while others plotted to create a more radical regime like Robespierre's. To stay in power, Directory began to rely on the military. The Rise of Napoleon and the Napoleonic Lesson 3 consulate Government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory in 1799. In theory, it was a republic, but, Napoleon held absolute power. Appointed officials, controlled the army, conducted foreign affairs, and influenced the legislature. 1802 Napoleon was made consul for life. Two years later, he crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I. nationalism The sense of unique identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols. The most important forces of the nineteenth century. Significant factor in the defeat of Napoleon. CONS Tak Isu faldleg Napoleon Bonaparte Born in 1769 in Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean He was talented, won a scholarship to a famous military school. Was commissioned as a lieutenant in the French army, under the monarchy. He rose quickly through the ranks, at age 24, the Committee of Public Safety made him a brigadier general. Napoleon's energy and initiative earned him the devotion of his troops. His personal qualities allowed him to win the support of those around him. 15) fineart america Napoleonic Code/Civil Code Napoleon's most famous domestic achievement was to codify the laws. Seven law codes were created, but the most important was the Civil Code. In 1804, it preserved many of the principles that the revolutionaries had fought for. Equality of all citizens before the law; the right of the individual to choose a profession; religious toleration; and the abolition of serfdom and all feudal obligations. Women were now "less equal than men." CODE CIVIL DES FRANÇAIS. TITRE PRÉLIMINAIRE. DE LA PUBLICATION, DES EFFETS ET DE L'APPLICATION DES LOIS EN GÉNÉRAL. ARTICLE 1. LES lois sont exécutoires dans tout le territoire français, en vertu de la promulgation qui en est faite par le PREMIER CONSUL. Elles seront exécutées dans chaque partie de la Répu- blique, du moment où la promulgation en pourra être connue connue. La promulgation faite par le PREMIER CONSUL sera répu- tée connue dans le département où siégera le Gouvernement, un jour après celui de la promulgation; et dans chacun des autres départemens, après l'expiration du même délai. augmenté d'autant de jours qu'il y aura de fois dix myria- mètres [environ vingt lieues anciennes] entre la ville où la A Décréé le 4 Ve ta XI. Promulgué le 14 da mane mo CODE NAPOLÉON. EDITION ORIGINALE ET SEULE OFFICIELLE. A PARIS, DE L'IMPRIMERIE IMPERIALE 1810. Grand Empire From 1807 to 1812, Napoleon was the master of Europe. His Grand Empire was composed of three major parts. The French Empire was the inner core of the Grand Empire. It consisted of an enlarged France extending to the Rhine in the east and including the western half of Italy north of Rome. Dependent states were kingdoms ruled by relatives of Napoleon. Allied states were countries defeated by Napoleon and then forced to join his struggle against Britain. These states included Prussia, Austria, Russia, and Sweden. French Empire Controlled by Nap Fr.allies in 1810 ATLANTIC OCEAN Corunna 1809 Portugal Lisbon Spain Trafalgar 1805 ATLANTIC Great Britain London) OCEAN KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL Madrid 0 100 200 300 400 500 mi 0 200 400 600 800 km Lisbon Major battles a= French defeat victory IRELAND French Empire Switz Madrid KINGDOM OF SPAIN Sardinia Paris Confed. of the Rhine SCOTLAND Corsica French territory French dependencies Napoleon's allies Independent states Norway and Denmark ENGLAND London Elba Jena 1806 Leipzig Rome Naples Sicily Sweden Vienna Austria Hungary Amsterdam Brussels Waterloo Parise Lunéville FRENCH EMPIRE SWITZERLAND Lyon KINGDOM OF NORWAY Prussia North Sea KINGDOM OF DENMARK Copenhagen Austerlitz -1805 PRINCIPALITY OF LUCCA Marseille ELBA Grand Duchy of Warsaw CORSICA KINGDOM OF SARDINIA Milan Mediterranean Sea KINGDOM OF SWEDEN (Den.) (Sweden) Hamburg KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA CONFEDERATIONprague RHINE Ulm Ottoman THE NETHERLANDS Berlin DUCHY Munich St.Petersburg Baltic Sea Constantinople Leipzig WARSAW KINGDOM OF SICILY OF Warsaw Campo Formio ILLYRIAN Venice PROVINCES KINGDOM OF ITALY PAPAL STATES Adriatic Sea Rome KINGDOM OF Naples NAPLES Empire lonian Sea Moscow 1812 Borodino Austerlitz Vienna AUSTRIAN EMPIRE Russia (Br.) RUSSIAN EMPIRE Nile 1799 04 MONTENEGRO Black Sea OTTOMAN EMPIRE -MALTA (Br.) Ⓒ1994 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Continental System ● The aim was to stop British goods from reaching the European continent to be sold there. By weakening Britain economically, Napoleon would destroy its ability to wage war. The Continental System also failed. Allied states resented being told by Napoleon that they could not trade with the British. New markets in the Middle East and in Latin America gave Britain new outlets for its goods. ATLANTIC OCEAN PORTUGAL UNITED KINGDOM SPAIN French Empire Countries alied with Napoleon Countries controlled by Napoleon Countries at war with Napoleon ATLANTIC OCEAN North Sea UNITED KINGDOM Madrid FRANCE SPAIN OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND Londen NORWAY SARDINIA Jote DENMARK Brussels, Amiens Versailles Paris Barcelona RHINE CONFEDER- ATION North Sea SWEDEN Marse Baltic PRUSSIA POLAND SICILY Adriatic Sea ITALY CORSICA AUSTRIA KINGDOM OF KINGDOM DENMARK OF SWEDEN NORWAY FRENCH HELVETIC EMPIRE REPUBLIC 3 AND. Mediterranean CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE KINGDOM OF SARDINIA Mediterranean Sea KINGDOM OF ITALY Adriatic Sea REP OF DANZIG PRUSSIA OTTOMAN Naples Prague KINGDOM OF SICILY RUSSIA KINGDOM NAPLES EMPIRE CRETE Warsaw GRAND DUCHY OF WARSAW AUSTRIAN EMPIRE Black Sea Areas Barred from Importing British Goods MONTENEGRO or Sea RUSSIAN EMPIRE ILLYRIAN PROVINCES OTTOMAN EMPIRE Yokite Black Sea 93 500 The Fall of Napoleon/Europe Reaction Lesson 4 Grand Army In June 1812, more than 600,000 men entered Russia. Napoleon's hopes depended on a quick victory over the Russians, but they refused to do battle Instead they retreated for hundreds of miles. As they retreated, they burned their own villages and countryside to keep Napoleon's army from finding food. Finally reaching Moscow, the Grand Army found the city ablaze. no food or supplies for his army, Napoleon abandoned the Russian capital Fewer than 40,000 of the original 600,000 soldiers arrived back in Poland in January 1813. Waterloo in Belgium ● Russia, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia again pledged to defeat the man they called the "Enemy and Disturber of the Tranquility of the World." June 18, 1815, Napoleon met a combined British and Prussian army under the Duke of Wellington and suffered a bloody defeat. The victorious allies exiled him to St. Helena, a small island in the south Atlantic. Napoleon remained in exile until his death in 1821. Congress of Vienna This was the goal of the victors, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia at the Congress of Vienna in September 1814 to arrange a final peace settlement. To restore the old order. The great powers rearranged territories in Europe, believing that this would form a new balance of power. The powers at Vienna wanted to keep any one country from dominating Europe. Balancing political and military forces that guaranteed the independence of the great powers. LE GATEAU DES ROIS, Tive au Congrès de Vienne en 1815 Prince Klemens von Metternich Austrian foreign minister. Was the most influential leader at that meeting in Vienna. Claimed that the principle of legitimacy guided him. Meant that lawful monarchs from the royal families who had ruled before Napoleon would be restored to their positions of power. Would ensure peace and stability in Europe. 6298 gettyimages PHAS conservatism Political philosophy. Favored obedience to political authority. Believed that religion was crucial to keep order in society. Hated revolutions and were unwilling to accept demands from people who wanted either individual rights or representative governments. EVERYO principle of intervention The idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments Britain argued that they should not interfere in the internal affairs of other states. Other great powers used military force to end revolutions in Spain and Italy. J ‒‒‒‒ Prussia Austrian Empire France Piedmont-Sardinia Lisbor Russia German States Boundary of German Confederation ATLANTIC OCEAN PORTUGAL 200 Madrid SPAIN A Parma B-Modena C-Lucca DTuscany E-San Marino 400 miles 400 kilometers GREAT BRITAIN Londbil English Chand W North Sea Amsterdam Paris FRANCE PIEDMONT- SARDINIA THERLANDS OPERA Corsica MUNDI SWEDEN AND NORWAY DENMARK Hamborg PRUSSIA Barlin Saxony GERMAN CONFEDERATION SWITZ Savoyombard Benoa Nice Bavaria Venetia HE D PAPAL STATES Rom Vianna AUSTRIAN EMPIRE Naples Baltic Sea KINGDOM OF THE Mediterranean Sea TWO SICILIES FINLAND Warsaw KINGDOM OF POLAND St. Petersburg Moscow. RUSSIA Black Sea OTTOMAN EMPIRE Constantinople liberalism Political philosophy that grew out of Enlightenment ideas. That people should be as free as possible from government restraint. Beliefs included the protection of civil liberties, the basic rights of all people Included equality before the law and freedom of assembly, speech, and the press. Believed that freedoms should be guaranteed by a document such as the American Bill of Rights.