Nutrient Absorption and Large Intestine Function

This page focuses on the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine and the role of the large intestine in the digestive process.

The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption, with most of this process occurring in the ileum. The small intestine has specialized structures called villi and microvilli that significantly increase the surface area for absorption.

Definition: Villi are small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. Microvilli are even smaller projections on the surface of villi, further enhancing absorption capacity.

These structures are highly vascularized, meaning they have many blood vessels running through them. This allows absorbed nutrients to be quickly transported throughout the body.

Example: Glucose, fructose, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins, and lipids are all absorbed through the small intestine.

The large intestine, also known as the colon, plays a crucial role in water reabsorption. This process ensures that the body doesn't lose excessive amounts of water through feces.

Highlight: The large intestine is home to many harmless and beneficial bacteria. Some of these bacteria even produce certain vitamins that our body needs.

The final part of the large intestine is the rectum, where feces are stored until they are expelled through the anus. Feces consist of undigested food contents, bacteria, and other substances.