Skeletal Organization
Your skeleton is divided into two major sections, each with specialized functions. The axial skeleton forms the central core of your body, including your skull (cranium and facial bones), hyoid bone (which uniquely doesn't attach to other bones), vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum).
The appendicular skeleton consists of your limbs and their attachments. This includes the pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle), upper limbs (humerus, radius, ulna, wrist bones, metacarpals, and phalanges), pelvic girdle (two coxal bones and sacrum), and lower limbs (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges).
When examining bones closely, you'll notice various markings—bulges, depressions, and holes that serve specific purposes. Some provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments, some form parts of joints, and others create openings for blood vessels and nerves to pass through.
Quick check: Look at your wrist and wiggle your fingers—you're seeing the appendicular skeleton in action! The complex arrangement of bones allows for the incredible range of motion you need for everything from texting to playing instruments.