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Sophie
12/13/2025
History
Medicine through time medieval 1250-1500
547
•
Dec 13, 2025
•
Medieval Medicine 1250-1500: Causes and Prevention of Diseases
Sophie
@sophie_ptit
1 / 8
Medicine Through Time: The Medieval Period
During the 13th to 16th centuries, medieval medicine was completely different from what we know today. People didn't understand germs or bacteria, so they came up with creative explanations for why people got sick.
This period shows how religion, superstition, and early scientific ideas all mixed together. Understanding these beliefs helps explain why medical progress was so slow during these centuries.
Three Main Causes of Disease
Medieval people believed illnesses had three main causes: religious, supernatural, and rational. Each type of cause led to completely different treatments and prevention methods.
These weren't competing ideas - most people believed in all three at the same time! A single illness might be blamed on sin, bad air, and planetary alignment simultaneously.
Key Point: People genuinely believed these explanations made perfect sense based on their understanding of the world.
Religious Causes of Disease
Many believed that God sent diseases as punishment for sins or to test people's faith. The Church actively supported this idea because it proved God's power and existence.
Biblical examples like leprosy being punishment for sin gave people concrete "proof" of this theory. The Church also taught that the devil could send illness to test someone's religious devotion.
This wasn't just superstition to medieval people - it was logical based on their religious worldview and what they'd been taught since childhood.
Remember: The Church was incredibly powerful and controlled most education, so religious explanations dominated medical thinking.
Supernatural Causes of Disease
Astrology played a huge role in medieval medicine. People genuinely believed that planetary alignment could cause diseases - many blamed the Black Death on unfortunate star positions.
Physicians actually used star charts to diagnose patients, checking which planets were in certain positions when someone fell ill. This wasn't seen as silly - it was considered proper medical practice.
Astrology seemed logical because people observed that seasons affected health, so they assumed celestial bodies must influence human bodies too.
Fun Fact: Medieval physicians spent more time studying star charts than examining actual patients!
Rational Causes of Disease
The most "scientific" medieval theory was the four humours, which dominated medical thinking for centuries. People also believed in practical causes like contagion and bad air.
Miasma theory suggested that diseases spread through rotten fumes in the air. This actually led to some sensible precautions, like banishing lepers from communities because people feared their breath.
Physicians examined urine colour, thickness, smell, and even taste to diagnose illnesses. Whilst gross by today's standards, this showed early attempts at systematic medical observation.
Think About It: Some of these "rational" ideas weren't completely wrong - bad air and avoiding sick people can sometimes prevent disease!
The Four Humours Theory
Hippocrates (5th century BC) created this theory, claiming human bodies contained four fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Illness meant these humours were imbalanced.
Galen (2nd century AD) expanded the theory, linking humours to elements and seasons. His theory of opposites meant treating "cold" illnesses with "hot" remedies - like eating spicy chillies for a cold.
This system seemed brilliant to medieval people because it could explain any symptom. Got a headache? Too much blood. Feeling sluggish? Excess phlegm. Simple!
Key Insight: The four humours dominated medicine for over 1,000 years because it provided neat explanations when people desperately wanted answers.
Why the Four Humours Lasted So Long
The four humours theory dominated medieval medicine because it seemed incredibly detailed and scientific. Physicians could explain any illness, even if they had to lie or stretch the truth to fit their theory.
Medical training focused entirely on reading ancient texts for five years rather than practical experience. When dissections contradicted the theory, physicians claimed it was because they were examining "imperfect" criminals.
The Church supported these ideas because they fitted with Biblical creation stories. With high illiteracy rates, people relied completely on Church-approved medical knowledge.
Reality Check: Medieval medicine prioritised ancient authority over actual observation - a recipe for medical stagnation!
Methods of Prevention
Religious prevention included regular prayers, confession, and paying tithes to stay in God's good favour. People genuinely believed spiritual health prevented physical illness.
Supernatural methods involved chanting, wearing lucky charms and amulets, or listening to cheerful music to drive away evil spirits and bad influences.
Rational prevention included regimen sanitatis (healthy living rules), quarantine, avoiding sick relatives, and bathing regularly. People also tried eating specific foods like blanc mangier (chicken and almond dish) and keeping air free from miasma.
Interesting Note: Some medieval prevention methods - like quarantine and cleanliness - actually worked, even though the reasoning was wrong!
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This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
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This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Medieval Medicine 1250-1500: Causes and Prevention of Diseases
Sophie
@sophie_ptit
Medicine between 1250-1500 was a fascinating mix of religious faith, superstition, and early scientific thinking. People had wildly different ideas about what caused illness - from God's punishment to planetary alignment to imbalanced bodily fluids!
Medicine Through Time: The Medieval Period
During the 13th to 16th centuries, medieval medicine was completely different from what we know today. People didn't understand germs or bacteria, so they came up with creative explanations for why people got sick.
This period shows how religion, superstition, and early scientific ideas all mixed together. Understanding these beliefs helps explain why medical progress was so slow during these centuries.
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Three Main Causes of Disease
Medieval people believed illnesses had three main causes: religious, supernatural, and rational. Each type of cause led to completely different treatments and prevention methods.
These weren't competing ideas - most people believed in all three at the same time! A single illness might be blamed on sin, bad air, and planetary alignment simultaneously.
Key Point: People genuinely believed these explanations made perfect sense based on their understanding of the world.
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Religious Causes of Disease
Many believed that God sent diseases as punishment for sins or to test people's faith. The Church actively supported this idea because it proved God's power and existence.
Biblical examples like leprosy being punishment for sin gave people concrete "proof" of this theory. The Church also taught that the devil could send illness to test someone's religious devotion.
This wasn't just superstition to medieval people - it was logical based on their religious worldview and what they'd been taught since childhood.
Remember: The Church was incredibly powerful and controlled most education, so religious explanations dominated medical thinking.
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Supernatural Causes of Disease
Astrology played a huge role in medieval medicine. People genuinely believed that planetary alignment could cause diseases - many blamed the Black Death on unfortunate star positions.
Physicians actually used star charts to diagnose patients, checking which planets were in certain positions when someone fell ill. This wasn't seen as silly - it was considered proper medical practice.
Astrology seemed logical because people observed that seasons affected health, so they assumed celestial bodies must influence human bodies too.
Fun Fact: Medieval physicians spent more time studying star charts than examining actual patients!
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Rational Causes of Disease
The most "scientific" medieval theory was the four humours, which dominated medical thinking for centuries. People also believed in practical causes like contagion and bad air.
Miasma theory suggested that diseases spread through rotten fumes in the air. This actually led to some sensible precautions, like banishing lepers from communities because people feared their breath.
Physicians examined urine colour, thickness, smell, and even taste to diagnose illnesses. Whilst gross by today's standards, this showed early attempts at systematic medical observation.
Think About It: Some of these "rational" ideas weren't completely wrong - bad air and avoiding sick people can sometimes prevent disease!
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The Four Humours Theory
Hippocrates (5th century BC) created this theory, claiming human bodies contained four fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Illness meant these humours were imbalanced.
Galen (2nd century AD) expanded the theory, linking humours to elements and seasons. His theory of opposites meant treating "cold" illnesses with "hot" remedies - like eating spicy chillies for a cold.
This system seemed brilliant to medieval people because it could explain any symptom. Got a headache? Too much blood. Feeling sluggish? Excess phlegm. Simple!
Key Insight: The four humours dominated medicine for over 1,000 years because it provided neat explanations when people desperately wanted answers.
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Why the Four Humours Lasted So Long
The four humours theory dominated medieval medicine because it seemed incredibly detailed and scientific. Physicians could explain any illness, even if they had to lie or stretch the truth to fit their theory.
Medical training focused entirely on reading ancient texts for five years rather than practical experience. When dissections contradicted the theory, physicians claimed it was because they were examining "imperfect" criminals.
The Church supported these ideas because they fitted with Biblical creation stories. With high illiteracy rates, people relied completely on Church-approved medical knowledge.
Reality Check: Medieval medicine prioritised ancient authority over actual observation - a recipe for medical stagnation!
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Methods of Prevention
Religious prevention included regular prayers, confession, and paying tithes to stay in God's good favour. People genuinely believed spiritual health prevented physical illness.
Supernatural methods involved chanting, wearing lucky charms and amulets, or listening to cheerful music to drive away evil spirits and bad influences.
Rational prevention included regimen sanitatis (healthy living rules), quarantine, avoiding sick relatives, and bathing regularly. People also tried eating specific foods like blanc mangier (chicken and almond dish) and keeping air free from miasma.
Interesting Note: Some medieval prevention methods - like quarantine and cleanliness - actually worked, even though the reasoning was wrong!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user