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Trouble words, and concepts in AP Music Theory.

https://content-eu-central-1.knowunity.com/CONTENT/qcexDAvkaphUDFhTkKBD.pdf

qcexDAvkaphUDFhTkKBD

Study note

Alanna Bell

United States of America

DEFAULT (US)

DEFAULT

Music

Music Theory Review

Composition and arrangement

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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n Tonic, Super-Tonic, Mediant, Sub-Dominant, Dominant, Submediant, Leading Tone Cadences
PAC: V to I, no inversions
IAC: V/vii(dim) to I, inversions allowed
Half: ? to V
Deceptive: V to (usually) vi/VI
Plagal: iv/IV to I
Phrygian: iv^6 to V Cadence Structures
Cadential 6/4: 16/4 - V - I OR V6/4 - V5/3 - I
Usually so-so-do in bass
Arpeggiated 6/4: 1 - 16/4 - 1
Do-so-do in bass
Passing 6/4: 16 - V6/4 - 1, opposing stepwise motion in bass & soprano (voice
exchange)
Mi-re-do OR la-ti-do in bass
Pedal 6/4: I - IV6/4 - I, bass stays on the same note
Do-do-do in bass Secondary Dominants
Fa-fi-so like la-ti-do
V/V to V
In soprano part Common Tempo Markings
Meaning
Slow
Medium
Fast
Tempo Text
Grave
Largo
Lento
Adagio
Andante
Moderato
Allegretto
Allegro Moderato
Allegro
Vivace
Allegro Vivace
Presto
very slow
slow and broad
slow
slow (with expression)
"walking" speed
moderately
moderately fast
slightly slower than
allegro
fast, quickly, brightly
fast and lightly
very fast
exceptionally fast
bpm
25 - 45
40-60
45-60
66-76
76-108
108 - 120
112-120
116-120
120-156
156 - 176
172-176
168 - 200 Relative Major/minor
C/a
G/e (1 sharp)
D/b (2 sharps)
A/f# (3 sharps)
E/c# (4 sharps)
B/g# (5 sharps)
Gb/eb OR F#/d# (6 flats/sharps)
●
●
●
Db/bb (5 flats)
Ab/f (4 flats)
Eb/c (3 flats)
Bb/g (2 flats)
F/d (1 flat)
C#/a# (7 sharps)
Cb/ab (7 flats) Hemiola - Two bars in simple triple time
as if they were in three bars of
articulated
simple duple
4
1
23 123 123
12 3 1 2 3
£ Syncopation - Notes put together with a tie
making the piece be off beat
Melody is played on "weak" beats - Syncopated
61
1
1234
1234 1234 1234 Countermelody - Accompany melody that
goes against the principle melody (usually
soprano)
37
45
Melody
Counter-Melody
47 Arpeggiation - Individually sounded chords
descending or ascending
B
&
Fmaj7
Am
176 Alberti Bass - type of arpeggiated
accompaniment with chords that are
presented high, low, middle, etc.
Allegro
tr Articulation - How the notes are
communicated through style such as legato
or staccato
Staccato - short, detached
Legato - smooth
Slurs
Slides/glissando
Harmonic
Pause/Fermata
BII Imitation - Musical gesture repeated later in
different form, but with original character
3
Lento,. = 72 Sequence - Pattern that is repeated
immediately in same voice, but with a
different pitch
TIHTI
Melody
Melody repeated
at higher pitch
Melody repeated
at higher pitch
Melody repeated
at higher pitch
P Change in tonal center - Modulating from one
key to another
&
C major
do re mi
5
solla ti do
G major Harmonic minor - Raised 7th scale degree in
a minor key
A Harmonic Minor
A B C D E F G# A Melodic minor - Raised 6th and 7th scale
degrees going up, but lowered back down to
natural minor going down.
A Melodic Minor Consequent phrase - It is the answer to an
antecedent phrase (phrase 1) of a period
Mary Had a Little Lamb
Mary had a
Mary had
Antecedent Phrase
lit de lamb,
Consequent Phrase
little lamb,
Traditional
little lamb.
lit de lamb; its fleece was white as snow. Cadenza - Just another word for cadence Homophonic - Two or more parts moving
together
Sop.
Alto
Ten.
Bass
70
If ye love me,
If
ye love me,
If ye love
me,
If ye love me,
keep my com- mand- ments,
keep my com- mand- ments,
keep my com- mand- ments,
keep my com- mand- ments, Polyphonic - Equally prominent melodic lines
played at the same time
He
etc. Monophonic - A single line of musical tones Ostinato - A continually repeated motif/phrase
in same voice
Triste et lent J = 44
PP <> (
2
3¬
P
3
3¬ Variation - repeated phrases with slightly
altered form
Allegro
je p
94 Rubato -subtle rhythmic manipulation. For
greater musical expression, the performer
may stretch or compact certain measures or
phrases Melisma - the singing of a single syllable of a
word while moving between different notes.
fr
Glo
ri - a, Scalar Variation - Mixing modes, such as
major to minor Suspension - SUS, a note held over from a previous chord
and resolved down. Represented through numbers such as
4-3, 7-6, 9-8, 3-2 with the first number representing the
space between the bass and suspensions and the second
representing the space between the bass and the resolved
note. Late to the party.
4-3 Suspension
1
Interval = 4th
(compound 4th) Retardation - resolving upward SUS Escape tone - step then jump in the opposite
direction
Ho
节
DH Anticipation - a non chord tone played as a
reverse SUS, early to the party
B.
3
B
5
SUS;.
7
ORIGINAL Appoggiatura - Leap then step in the opposite
direction Fugal Counterpoint - A compositional
procedure characterized by systematic
imitation of the subject in the simultaneously
sounding melodic lines. Fragmentation - common compositional
technique that describes the reduction of a
large-scale musical idea to its essential form.
(simplification)

Music Theory Review

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Music Theory Review

Similar Content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying