Der Innenwiderstandeiner Spannungsquelle ist ein wichtiges Konzept in der... Show more
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Updated Mar 15, 2026
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Innenwiderstand berechnen: Formel, Klemmenspannung, Batterie und mehr
Innenwiderstand einer Spannungsquelle
Der Innenwiderstand einer Spannungsquelle ist ein entscheidendes Konzept in der Elektrotechnik, das erklärt, warum reale Spannungsquellen wie Batterien unter Last einen Spannungsabfall aufweisen. Im Gegensatz zu idealen Spannungsquellen, die theoretisch immer eine konstante Spannung liefern, zeigen reale Quellen eine Abhängigkeit von der angeschlossenen Last.
Jede reale Spannungsquelle besitzt einen internen Widerstand, der als Innenwiderstand Ri bezeichnet wird. Dieser resultiert aus chemisch-galvanischen Prozessen, wie dem Ladungstransport durch den Elektrolyten und den damit verbundenen chemischen Reaktionen. Der Innenwiderstand führt dazu, dass die tatsächliche Spannung an den Klemmen (Klemmenspannung) geringer ist als die theoretische Quellenspannung.
Definition: Der Innenwiderstand einer Stromquelle ist der interne elektrische Widerstand, der die Leistungsabgabe der Quelle begrenzt und zu einem Spannungsabfall unter Last führt.
Eine reale Batterie kann als Serienschaltung aus einer idealen Spannungsquelle mit der Quellenspannung Uq und einem Widerstand (Innenwiderstand Ri) modelliert werden. Dies wird als Ersatzschaltbild bezeichnet.
Highlight: Die Klemmenspannung berechnen kann man mit der Formel: Klemmenspannung = Quellenspannung - innerer Spannungsabfall
Wenn ein Strom I durch den äußeren Stromkreis fließt, verringert sich die Klemmenspannung um den Betrag I * Ri. Dies erklärt, warum die Spannung an einem angeschlossenen Lastwiderstand mit steigendem Strom sinkt.
Beispiel: Bei einer 4,5V Flachbatterie sinkt die Spannung von 4,5V auf 4,3V, wenn ein 4,5V/2W Lämpchen angeschlossen wird.
Wichtige Begriffe in diesem Zusammenhang sind:
Vocabulary: Die Leerlaufspannung ist die maximale Spannung einer Quelle, wenn kein Strom fließt (offener Stromkreis).
Definition: Der Kurzschlussstrom ist der maximale Strom, der fließt, wenn die Klemmen direkt verbunden werden . Er wird durch den Innenwiderstand begrenzt und kann mit der Formel Ik = Uq / Ri berechnet werden.
Diese Konzepte sind fundamental für das Verständnis realer elektrischer Systeme und die Berechnung des Innenwiderstands von Batterien, wie z.B. einer 12V Autobatterie oder AGM Batterien. Sie spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Auslegung und Analyse von elektrischen Schaltungen und Energiespeichersystemen.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content: Ohmsches Gesetz
Most popular content in Mathe
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Innenwiderstand berechnen: Formel, Klemmenspannung, Batterie und mehr
Der Innenwiderstandeiner Spannungsquelle ist ein wichtiges Konzept in der Elektrotechnik. Er erklärt, warum reale Spannungsquellen wie Batterien unter Last einen Spannungsabfall zeigen. Jede reale Spannungsquelle besitzt einen internen Widerstand, der aus chemisch-galvanischen Prozessen resultiert. Dies führt dazu, dass die... Show more
Innenwiderstand einer Spannungsquelle
Der Innenwiderstand einer Spannungsquelle ist ein entscheidendes Konzept in der Elektrotechnik, das erklärt, warum reale Spannungsquellen wie Batterien unter Last einen Spannungsabfall aufweisen. Im Gegensatz zu idealen Spannungsquellen, die theoretisch immer eine konstante Spannung liefern, zeigen reale Quellen eine Abhängigkeit von der angeschlossenen Last.
Jede reale Spannungsquelle besitzt einen internen Widerstand, der als Innenwiderstand Ri bezeichnet wird. Dieser resultiert aus chemisch-galvanischen Prozessen, wie dem Ladungstransport durch den Elektrolyten und den damit verbundenen chemischen Reaktionen. Der Innenwiderstand führt dazu, dass die tatsächliche Spannung an den Klemmen (Klemmenspannung) geringer ist als die theoretische Quellenspannung.
Definition: Der Innenwiderstand einer Stromquelle ist der interne elektrische Widerstand, der die Leistungsabgabe der Quelle begrenzt und zu einem Spannungsabfall unter Last führt.
Eine reale Batterie kann als Serienschaltung aus einer idealen Spannungsquelle mit der Quellenspannung Uq und einem Widerstand (Innenwiderstand Ri) modelliert werden. Dies wird als Ersatzschaltbild bezeichnet.
Highlight: Die Klemmenspannung berechnen kann man mit der Formel: Klemmenspannung = Quellenspannung - innerer Spannungsabfall
Wenn ein Strom I durch den äußeren Stromkreis fließt, verringert sich die Klemmenspannung um den Betrag I * Ri. Dies erklärt, warum die Spannung an einem angeschlossenen Lastwiderstand mit steigendem Strom sinkt.
Beispiel: Bei einer 4,5V Flachbatterie sinkt die Spannung von 4,5V auf 4,3V, wenn ein 4,5V/2W Lämpchen angeschlossen wird.
Wichtige Begriffe in diesem Zusammenhang sind:
Vocabulary: Die Leerlaufspannung ist die maximale Spannung einer Quelle, wenn kein Strom fließt (offener Stromkreis).
Definition: Der Kurzschlussstrom ist der maximale Strom, der fließt, wenn die Klemmen direkt verbunden werden . Er wird durch den Innenwiderstand begrenzt und kann mit der Formel Ik = Uq / Ri berechnet werden.
Diese Konzepte sind fundamental für das Verständnis realer elektrischer Systeme und die Berechnung des Innenwiderstands von Batterien, wie z.B. einer 12V Autobatterie oder AGM Batterien. Sie spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Auslegung und Analyse von elektrischen Schaltungen und Energiespeichersystemen.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content: Ohmsches Gesetz
Most popular content in Mathe
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user