Trh je ako obrovské tržisko, kde sa kupujúci a predávajúci... Show more
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Updated Mar 21, 2026
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Ako funguje trh a mechanizmus dopytu a ponuky
1 / 10
Trh a trhový mechanizmus
Predstav si trh ako miesto, kde sa stretávajú ľudia, čo chcú niečo kúpiť, s tými, čo to chcú predať. Nemusí to byť fyzické miesto - môže ísť aj o internetový obchod alebo aplikáciu.
Trhový mechanizmus je v podstate neviditeľná ruka, ktorá automaticky určuje ceny. Funguje to tak, že keď sa ponuka (predávajúci) stretne s dopytom (kupujúci), vznikne cena, pri ktorej sú obaja spokojní.
Kľúčové je pochopiť zákon dopytu - keď niečo zdražie, ľudia si toho kúpia menej. A zákon ponuky - keď niečo zdražie, predávajúci sú ochotní predať viac, lebo zarábajú lepšie.
💡 Tip na zapamätanie: Krivka dopytu vždy klesá , krivka ponuky vždy stúpa .
Faktory ovplyvňujúce dopyt a ponuku
Dopyt sa mení nielen kvôli cene. Ak máš viac peňazí, kúpiš si pravdepodobne viac vecí. Keď je niečo v móde, všetci to chcú. A ak očakávaš, že iPhone budúci mesiac zdražie, kúpiš si ho radšej teraz.
Ponuku ovplyvňujú hlavne náklady na výrobu. Keď sa zvýšia ceny materiálov alebo mzdy, firmy vyrobia menej. Naopak, lepšia technológia umožní vyrobiť viac za menej peňazí.
Dôležité je rozlišovať posun po krivke (mení sa len cena) a posun celej krivky (mení sa iný faktor ako príjem či technológia).
⚡ Pozor na časté chyby: Na teste si daj pozor - zmena ceny = posun PO krivke, zmena príjmu/technológie = posun CELEJ krivky!
Rovnováha na trhu
Rovnovážna cena je tá "správna" cena, pri ktorej sa predá presne toľko, koľko si chcú ľudia kúpiť. Niet prebytku ani nedostatku.
Keď je cena príliš vysoká, vznikne prebytok - predávajúci majú plné sklady, lebo si ľudia nekupujú. Musia znížiť ceny. Keď je cena príliš nízka, vznikne nedostatok - všetci chcú kúpiť, ale tovaru nie je dosť. Ceny sa zvýšia.
Tento proces funguje automaticky - trh sa "sám opravuje" a hľadá svoju rovnováhu. Je to ako váhy, ktoré sa snažia dostať do horizontálnej polohy.
🎯 Pre výpočty: Rovnováha = QD = QS. Dos rovnice do rovnosti a vyriešiš pre P, potom dosadíš späť pre Q.
Trhové štruktúry
Nie všetky trhy sú rovnaké. Dokonalá konkurencia je ideál - veľa firiem, rovnaký produkt, nikto neovplyvňuje ceny. V realite ju takmer nenájdeš.
Monopol je opak - jedna firma, žiadna konkurencia, môže si diktovať ceny. Na Slovensku je to napríklad dodávateľ vody v tvojom meste.
Oligopol znamená niekoľko veľkých hráčov. Pozri si mobilných operátorov - Orange, Telekom, O2, 4ka. Ich rozhodnutia sa navzájom ovplyvňujú.
Monopolistická konkurencia je najbežnejšia - veľa firiem, ale každá ponúka trochu iný produkt. Reštaurácie, kaderníctva, značky oblečenia.
📊 Na test: Nauč sa tabuľku trhových štruktúr - počet firiem, typ produktu, kontrolu nad cenou a príklady zo Slovenska.
Praktické príklady a výpočty
Keď vláda zvýši minimálnu mzdu, ľudia majú viac peňazí. To zvyšuje dopyt po normálnych tovaroch (autá, elektronika) - krivka sa posunie doprava, ceny aj množstvá stúpnu.
Keď firmy dostanú novú technológiu, znížia sa náklady na výrobu. Ponuka sa zvýši - krivka sa posunie doprava, ceny klesnú, ale predá sa viac.
Pre výpočty si zapamätaj: v rovnováhe QD = QS. Napríklad ak QD = 100-2P a QS = 10+P, dos do rovnosti: 100-2P = 10+P, vyriešiš 90 = 3P, takže P = 30.
🧮 Výpočtový tip: Vždy si skontroluj výsledok - dosať rovnovážnu cenu do oboch rovníc a musíš dostať rovnaké Q.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Občianska náuka
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Ako funguje trh a mechanizmus dopytu a ponuky
Trh je ako obrovské tržisko, kde sa kupujúci a predávajúci stretávają každý deň - len nie vždy fyzicky. Rozumieť tomu, ako funguje trhový mechanizmus, ti pomôže pochopiť, prečo majú veci také ceny, aké majú, a prečo sa tieto ceny menia.
Trh a trhový mechanizmus
Predstav si trh ako miesto, kde sa stretávajú ľudia, čo chcú niečo kúpiť, s tými, čo to chcú predať. Nemusí to byť fyzické miesto - môže ísť aj o internetový obchod alebo aplikáciu.
Trhový mechanizmus je v podstate neviditeľná ruka, ktorá automaticky určuje ceny. Funguje to tak, že keď sa ponuka (predávajúci) stretne s dopytom (kupujúci), vznikne cena, pri ktorej sú obaja spokojní.
Kľúčové je pochopiť zákon dopytu - keď niečo zdražie, ľudia si toho kúpia menej. A zákon ponuky - keď niečo zdražie, predávajúci sú ochotní predať viac, lebo zarábajú lepšie.
💡 Tip na zapamätanie: Krivka dopytu vždy klesá , krivka ponuky vždy stúpa .
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Faktory ovplyvňujúce dopyt a ponuku
Dopyt sa mení nielen kvôli cene. Ak máš viac peňazí, kúpiš si pravdepodobne viac vecí. Keď je niečo v móde, všetci to chcú. A ak očakávaš, že iPhone budúci mesiac zdražie, kúpiš si ho radšej teraz.
Ponuku ovplyvňujú hlavne náklady na výrobu. Keď sa zvýšia ceny materiálov alebo mzdy, firmy vyrobia menej. Naopak, lepšia technológia umožní vyrobiť viac za menej peňazí.
Dôležité je rozlišovať posun po krivke (mení sa len cena) a posun celej krivky (mení sa iný faktor ako príjem či technológia).
⚡ Pozor na časté chyby: Na teste si daj pozor - zmena ceny = posun PO krivke, zmena príjmu/technológie = posun CELEJ krivky!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Rovnováha na trhu
Rovnovážna cena je tá "správna" cena, pri ktorej sa predá presne toľko, koľko si chcú ľudia kúpiť. Niet prebytku ani nedostatku.
Keď je cena príliš vysoká, vznikne prebytok - predávajúci majú plné sklady, lebo si ľudia nekupujú. Musia znížiť ceny. Keď je cena príliš nízka, vznikne nedostatok - všetci chcú kúpiť, ale tovaru nie je dosť. Ceny sa zvýšia.
Tento proces funguje automaticky - trh sa "sám opravuje" a hľadá svoju rovnováhu. Je to ako váhy, ktoré sa snažia dostať do horizontálnej polohy.
🎯 Pre výpočty: Rovnováha = QD = QS. Dos rovnice do rovnosti a vyriešiš pre P, potom dosadíš späť pre Q.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Trhové štruktúry
Nie všetky trhy sú rovnaké. Dokonalá konkurencia je ideál - veľa firiem, rovnaký produkt, nikto neovplyvňuje ceny. V realite ju takmer nenájdeš.
Monopol je opak - jedna firma, žiadna konkurencia, môže si diktovať ceny. Na Slovensku je to napríklad dodávateľ vody v tvojom meste.
Oligopol znamená niekoľko veľkých hráčov. Pozri si mobilných operátorov - Orange, Telekom, O2, 4ka. Ich rozhodnutia sa navzájom ovplyvňujú.
Monopolistická konkurencia je najbežnejšia - veľa firiem, ale každá ponúka trochu iný produkt. Reštaurácie, kaderníctva, značky oblečenia.
📊 Na test: Nauč sa tabuľku trhových štruktúr - počet firiem, typ produktu, kontrolu nad cenou a príklady zo Slovenska.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Praktické príklady a výpočty
Keď vláda zvýši minimálnu mzdu, ľudia majú viac peňazí. To zvyšuje dopyt po normálnych tovaroch (autá, elektronika) - krivka sa posunie doprava, ceny aj množstvá stúpnu.
Keď firmy dostanú novú technológiu, znížia sa náklady na výrobu. Ponuka sa zvýši - krivka sa posunie doprava, ceny klesnú, ale predá sa viac.
Pre výpočty si zapamätaj: v rovnováhe QD = QS. Napríklad ak QD = 100-2P a QS = 10+P, dos do rovnosti: 100-2P = 10+P, vyriešiš 90 = 3P, takže P = 30.
🧮 Výpočtový tip: Vždy si skontroluj výsledok - dosať rovnovážnu cenu do oboch rovníc a musíš dostať rovnaké Q.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Občianska náuka
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user