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How situation and culture affect our behavior/thinking. Educational - How psychological processes affect an and can entrance (1 (teaching) learning States of consciousness Consciousness: Awareness of your Internal states - Your thoughts, sensations, memories - and the external world around us. Circadian Rhythm (CR): Biological Clock; controls regular bodily rhythms. 24 hrs cycle. Includes sleep & wakefulness. -REM Sleep-Rapid eye movement, which indicates that the Person as having a dream. Paradoxical Sleep Sleep Disorders: Dyssomnias disruption in amount, quality, or timing of sleep. -Insomnia Par asomnias undesired arousal or actions during Sleep. - Sleep terrors. sleep walking & why Paradoxical Sleep? The brain is so active It almost but your body 15 looks awake, Paralyzed. obstructive sleep Apnea: person Stops breathing momentarily during sleep. (Narcolepsy: Suddenly falling asleep, (without warning, during waking hours. Theories of Dreaming - Suggests that dreams are a psychological Safety Value Discharge unwanted thoughts & desires Wish fulfillment (freud): Activation - Synthesis Model Neurocognitive theory: (-Suggests that sleep in the - Dreams reflects. brain engages In a lot of our personality random neural activity. Interests, and Worries. 1 Psychoactive Drugs Border of blood vessels in the brain that don't allow the blood of the peripheral nervous system Impact the central Nervous system. 12/15/22 Psychoactive Drugs: Chemical Substances that can alter arousal, mood, thinking, Sensation, 8 Perception. Withdrawal-Unpleasant physical reactions to lack of drug, along. with Intense craving. Depressants - Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions "Believe Anxiety & lower Inhibitions Stimulants-Excite Neural Activity & Speed-up body functions. Ex: Caffeine, Cocaine, Ecstasy, and Nicotine Psychedelics (Hallucinogen)-Creates Perceptual distortions, Alter mood, $ affect thinking Ex: Marijuana Processing Sensation perception. Sensation detect physical energy (stimulus) from the environment and convert it Into neural signels. Perception- When we select, organize, and Interpret our sensations. Sensory receptors: specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular Sensory Stimulation. Bottom-up ~ Begin with the sense receptors and work up to the level of the brain & mind... Top-down Processing an information processing guided by high level mental processes Cocktail party- your ability to focus on one voice in a sea of many Voices. Change blindness - failing to notice changes in your environment. (4) was sta Sensory Threshold- to be strong enough to be detected, a Stimulus must activate a sensory receptor cell (threshold) = COMEMAHAMAN. How do we learn UCS Neutral Learning - Process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring Information or behaviors. LUCA Classical conditionings Type of learning that recurs when lule CS link two or more stimulie свя DAN KETENZIN YAN JAH, Dal behaviors Plerant Conditioning; Learning with active voluntary that are shaped by and maintained by their consequences. → Bewards Punishments Thorndike $ operant Condition Actions followed by desirable outcomes more likely i repeated. S Actions followed by undesirable outiones = less likely repeated. Shinner & Operant Condition Reinforcement & Any event that strengthens or Increases the behavior It follows. Positive Beinforcement: Addition of a reinforcing Stimulus. (Praise for doing something, receiving a bonus from work) Negative Reinforcement : Removal of Sunething considered unpleasant. (iladache= Aspirin, Getting wet = combrella). Unit 7 (personality). 04-10-23 14 major Theoretical perspectives: psychoanalytic, Humanistic, Social Cognitive, and Trait theory. Psychoanalytic pour que j - Emphasis: childhood experiences & the unconscious mind ~ Freud, Jung, Horney, and Adler den Freud (Behavior revolves around sex & aggression). Freud~~ Psychosexual stages 4 (oral + Anal & Phallic → Latency → Genital) Fixation - Stuck in the stage and unable to progress. to the next stage.. halinde Defense Mechanisms - way the ego protects itself from unpleasant 4 experiences. Carl Jung - Neo-Freudian ~Archetype: symboll, dream, or Imagle that all humans Shore (often expressed in mythology & folktales) Alfred Adler- Neo-freudian ~ Inferiority complex: feeling weak and helpless. Superiority complex: person who exaggerates their own achievements. $ Importance. Self-efficacy- an Individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals. K Beal AP FRQ Question (2022) 1) Rayce is using his Nestibular sense to maintain his balonce while Skating in the park. An example of an Incentive theory is when the crowd were cheering for Rayce each time he completed. a trick. Social facilitation is shown the crowd that are watching. and cheering for Rayce could possibly be making Rayce feel more encouraged to do better. 04-12-23 Part Bi Rayce uses divergent thinking by using bright graphics and fast-tempo music. In his videos which could make people watch his video. Rayce used: Peripheral route of persuasion by allowing people to try his skateboard for free, this could make people realize how good the skadeboard Is, which could make them want to buy It. Rayce shows reciprocity norm by letting people try out his skateboard free for an hour, which could make those people to buy his skateboard. More: exposure effect is shown. because while Rayce is letting people use his Shateboard, the people. get used to how a skateboard works.