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Endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers
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Biopsychology A01 Endogenous pacemakers and the sleep/wake cycle The suprachiasmatic nucleus Nerve cells located in hypothalamus and each brain hemisphere Influential in maintaining circadian rhythms such as sleep/wake cycle Receives information about light from optic chiasm and enables biological clock to adjust to changing patterns of daylight whilst asleep Animal studies and the SCN ENDOGENOUS PACEMAKERS AND EXOGENOUS ZEITGEBERS A03 DeCoursey et al. (2000) destroyed SCN connections in 30 chipmunks and observed them for 80 days. Sleep/wake cycle disappeared, and many had been killed due to being awake when they should have been asleep The pineal gland and melatonin SCN passes information about day length and light to pineal gland, which also guides sleep/wake cycle During the night, pineal gland increases melatonin (chemical that induces sleep) Evaluation Beyond the master clock Paper 2 SCN research may obscure other body clocks Circadian rhythms are found in organs and cells in the body, and actions of the SCN can influence these Interactionist system Endogenous pacemakers cannot be studied independently E.g. the artificial light that Siffre used could have reset his body clock Lowers validity of research Ethics Existence of SCN and pineal gland in the brains of chipmunks for example, means findings can be generalised to humans The chipmunks were put at risk when returned to natural habitat, and some even died Biopsychology A01 Exogenous zeitgebers and the sleep/wake cycle Exogenous zeitgebers - external factors in...
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Alternative transcript:
the environment that reset our biological clocks Light Key zeitgeber in humans Able to reset SCN, and plays a role in maintenance of sleep/wake cycle Light can be detected by skin receptors, not just eyes Social cues Newborn babies initially have a random sleep/wake cycle. This eventually develops when entrained by schedules imposed by parents A03 Paper 2 Evaluation Environmental observations Exogenous zeitgebers do not have the same effect in all environments Depending on where you live, daylight hours vary Suggests sleep/wake cycle is primarily controlled by endogenous pacemakers that can override environmental changes in light Case study evidence Evidence challenges role of exogenous zeitgebers A study of a blind man showed he had an abnormal circadian rhythm that could not be adjusted despite regular mealtimes for example Age-related insomnia As people get older, they have poorer quality sleep May be due to natural changes in circadian rhythm, e.g. falling asleep earlier and broken sleep at night Management of insomnia improved if elderly people were more active and had more exposure to light
Endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers
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Psychology - Biopsychology
Psychology - Biopsychology
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Biopsychology A01 Endogenous pacemakers and the sleep/wake cycle The suprachiasmatic nucleus Nerve cells located in hypothalamus and each brain hemisphere Influential in maintaining circadian rhythms such as sleep/wake cycle Receives information about light from optic chiasm and enables biological clock to adjust to changing patterns of daylight whilst asleep Animal studies and the SCN ENDOGENOUS PACEMAKERS AND EXOGENOUS ZEITGEBERS A03 DeCoursey et al. (2000) destroyed SCN connections in 30 chipmunks and observed them for 80 days. Sleep/wake cycle disappeared, and many had been killed due to being awake when they should have been asleep The pineal gland and melatonin SCN passes information about day length and light to pineal gland, which also guides sleep/wake cycle During the night, pineal gland increases melatonin (chemical that induces sleep) Evaluation Beyond the master clock Paper 2 SCN research may obscure other body clocks Circadian rhythms are found in organs and cells in the body, and actions of the SCN can influence these Interactionist system Endogenous pacemakers cannot be studied independently E.g. the artificial light that Siffre used could have reset his body clock Lowers validity of research Ethics Existence of SCN and pineal gland in the brains of chipmunks for example, means findings can be generalised to humans The chipmunks were put at risk when returned to natural habitat, and some even died Biopsychology A01 Exogenous zeitgebers and the sleep/wake cycle Exogenous zeitgebers - external factors in...
Biopsychology A01 Endogenous pacemakers and the sleep/wake cycle The suprachiasmatic nucleus Nerve cells located in hypothalamus and each brain hemisphere Influential in maintaining circadian rhythms such as sleep/wake cycle Receives information about light from optic chiasm and enables biological clock to adjust to changing patterns of daylight whilst asleep Animal studies and the SCN ENDOGENOUS PACEMAKERS AND EXOGENOUS ZEITGEBERS A03 DeCoursey et al. (2000) destroyed SCN connections in 30 chipmunks and observed them for 80 days. Sleep/wake cycle disappeared, and many had been killed due to being awake when they should have been asleep The pineal gland and melatonin SCN passes information about day length and light to pineal gland, which also guides sleep/wake cycle During the night, pineal gland increases melatonin (chemical that induces sleep) Evaluation Beyond the master clock Paper 2 SCN research may obscure other body clocks Circadian rhythms are found in organs and cells in the body, and actions of the SCN can influence these Interactionist system Endogenous pacemakers cannot be studied independently E.g. the artificial light that Siffre used could have reset his body clock Lowers validity of research Ethics Existence of SCN and pineal gland in the brains of chipmunks for example, means findings can be generalised to humans The chipmunks were put at risk when returned to natural habitat, and some even died Biopsychology A01 Exogenous zeitgebers and the sleep/wake cycle Exogenous zeitgebers - external factors in...
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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries
Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.
Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...
iOS User
I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D
Stefan S, iOS User
The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D
SuSSan, iOS User
Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying
Alternative transcript:
the environment that reset our biological clocks Light Key zeitgeber in humans Able to reset SCN, and plays a role in maintenance of sleep/wake cycle Light can be detected by skin receptors, not just eyes Social cues Newborn babies initially have a random sleep/wake cycle. This eventually develops when entrained by schedules imposed by parents A03 Paper 2 Evaluation Environmental observations Exogenous zeitgebers do not have the same effect in all environments Depending on where you live, daylight hours vary Suggests sleep/wake cycle is primarily controlled by endogenous pacemakers that can override environmental changes in light Case study evidence Evidence challenges role of exogenous zeitgebers A study of a blind man showed he had an abnormal circadian rhythm that could not be adjusted despite regular mealtimes for example Age-related insomnia As people get older, they have poorer quality sleep May be due to natural changes in circadian rhythm, e.g. falling asleep earlier and broken sleep at night Management of insomnia improved if elderly people were more active and had more exposure to light