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Eyesnck's criminal personality- forensic psychology
3/2/2023
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Eysenck's Criminal Personality Personality theory: Proposed by Eysenck (1947). → Behaviour is represented along 2 dimensions: • Introversion-extraversion (E) • Neuroticism-stability (N) → Later added a third dimension - Psychoticism-stability (P) Biological basis of psychological traits: Personality traits come from the type of nervous system we inherit. Extraverts: • Underactive nervous system = seek excitement and carry out risky behaviours. Neurotics: • High level of reactivity in the sympathetic nervous system - nervous, jumpy, overanxious and unpredictable. Psychotics: • Higher levels of testosterone - unemotional and prone to aggression. Eysenck's Criminal Personality 1 Role of Socialisation: Socialisation - learning to delay gratification and about social standards. Offenders are developmentally immature - selfish and wanting immediate gratification (cannot wait for things). People with high E and N scores are less likely to be affected by socialisation. - How do we measure criminal personality? › Developed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Places respondents on the E, N and P dimensions. → It's Important that we can measure personality to support the theory. Have a go at the EPQ yourself... are you a criminal ? https://similarminds.com/eysenck.html Research support: Eysenck and Eysenck (1977): Compared 2070 male prisoners' scores on the EPQ to 2422 male controls. What is wrong with this sample? Prisoners showed higher scores on extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism. Contradictory support: Farrington et al., (1982): Meta-analysis showed that criminals score higher on psychoticism but not extraversion and neuroticism Does the criminal...
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Alternative transcript:
personality apply to all cultures? The theory cannot account for cultural factors. Bartol and Holanchock (1979): → Studied Hispanic and African-American offenders – divided into 6 groups depending on nature of their crime. Sample is culturally different to Eysenck's Eysenck's Criminal Personality 2 →All 6 groups were less extraverted than a non-offender control group (opposite to the theories predictions). → Limited application cannot generalise the criminal personality to all cultures Too simplistic: → Offending behaviour is unlikely to be the result of personality alone. Personality is very complex. → Hard to measure personality - can you really reduce personality to a score? Personality is too complex to quantify - it changes depending on mood and situation. If personality is not static then you cannot use the EPQ to find criminals + undermine the claims of the theory Eysenck's Criminal Personality 3