Localisation and Lateralisation

Alternative transcript:

could say - damage leads to Broca's aphasia - damage = Wernicke's aphasia AO3: - support for language centres from aphasia studies --> expressive aphasia (impaired ability to produce language) and receptive aphasia (impaired ability to extract meaning from language) - individual differences in language areas --> Herasty found that womens Wernicke's areas are proportionally larger than men, explaining greater ease of language use suggesting a beta bias - Equipotentiality --> Lashley proposed that the brain has capacity to transfer functional memory from damaged areas to undamaged areas Hemispheric Lateralisation Biopsychology - Paper 2. Topic 2 AQA A Level Psychology AOI: Definition - the idea that the 2 hemispheres are functionally different Certain processes and behaviours are mainly controlled by one hemisphere L hemisphere dominant in language + speech R excels in visual-motor tasks Language is located in L but can talk about things happening in R because info received in one hemisphere is sent to other through bundles of nerve fibres e.g. corpus collosum Idea was derived from split brain patients who typically have epilepsy. Surgeons cut the corpus collosum to prevent violent activity crossing between hemispheres Left-Hemisphere Dominance Words Letters Language sounds Verbal memory Speech Grammar rules Reading Writing Arithmetic GENERAL FUNCTION VISION HEARING MEMORY LANGUAGE SPATIAL ABILITY Right-Hemisphere Dominance Geometric patterns Faces Emotional expression Nonlanguage sounds Music Nonverbal memory Emotional tone of speech Geometry Sense of direction Distance Mental rotation of shapes AO3: - Lateralisation increases neural processing activity --> Rogers et al found that in domestic chickens lateralisation enhanced the ability to perform 2 tasks; finding food and being vigilant for predators. Using one hem leaves the other free do to a different task (counter: extrapolation) - Changes with age --> Szaflarki et al found language was more lateralised with increasing age in children but after 25 it decreased with each decade of life