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25
•
Dec 10, 2025
•
Rania Hashim
@raniahashim_nxrx
Your mind and body are more connected than you might... Show more











These disorders happen when your mind creates real physical symptoms even though there's nothing medically wrong with your body. Think of it like your brain's way of expressing emotional pain through physical sensations.
There are several types you should know about: Somatic Symptom Disorder (unexplained physical symptoms), Illness Anxiety Disorder (constant worry about getting sick), and Conversion Disorder (losing basic body functions due to stress). Each one shows how powerful the mind-body connection really is.
Quick Tip: These aren't "fake" symptoms - the person genuinely feels pain or discomfort, even without a medical cause.

This is when someone experiences persistent physical symptoms for at least 6 months that can't be explained by any medical condition. The symptoms are real to the person experiencing them, but doctors can't find a biological cause.
What makes this tricky is that the symptoms change over time and vary widely - from headaches to stomach pain to fatigue. The person often develops excessive worry and anxiety about these symptoms, sometimes even having catastrophic thoughts about dying.
The key feature is that these physical complaints significantly disrupt the person's daily life. They might spend lots of time and energy focused on their symptoms, visiting multiple doctors, or avoiding activities they used to enjoy.
Remember: The symptoms range from mild to severe, and the emotional distress is just as important as the physical complaints.

Ever convinced yourself that a headache meant you had a brain tumor? People with Illness Anxiety Disorder live with that level of health worry constantly. They're persistently preoccupied with developing or having a serious illness.
These individuals don't easily feel reassured, even when doctors run tests and everything comes back normal. They might interpret normal body sensations as signs of disease, or get extremely anxious when they hear about someone else getting sick.
The anxiety about their health becomes so intense that it disrupts their daily functioning. They might avoid activities they think could make them sick, or spend hours researching symptoms online.
Reality Check: This goes way beyond normal health concerns - it's when worry about illness takes over your life.

Conversion Disorder is probably the most dramatic of these conditions. People suddenly lose basic body functions like the ability to walk, see, hear, or move parts of their body - but there's no medical explanation for it.
This usually happens after a stressful or traumatic experience. It's like the mind converts psychological distress into physical disability. The onset can be quite sudden, and the person isn't faking it - they genuinely can't perform these functions.
Common symptoms include paralysis, blindness, deafness, or difficulty walking. The TV show "Never Have I Ever" actually shows a realistic example of this disorder.
Important: This isn't something people do on purpose - it's an unconscious response to overwhelming stress.

When reality becomes too overwhelming, sometimes our minds protect us by disconnecting from our thoughts, feelings, or sense of self. That's what dissociative disorders are all about - it's like your mind hits the "disconnect" button.
There are three main types, arranged by severity: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder (feeling detached), Dissociative Amnesia (memory gaps), and Dissociative Identity Disorder (multiple identities). Each represents a different level of mental disconnection.
Think of it as your brain's emergency response system. When stress or trauma becomes unbearable, dissociation serves as a psychological escape hatch.
Key Point: These disorders usually develop as a way to cope with traumatic experiences or extreme stress.

This disorder has two main components that often happen together. Depersonalization makes you feel detached from yourself - like you're watching your life as a movie rather than living it. Derealization makes the world around you feel unreal, dreamlike, or foggy.
During depersonalization episodes, people describe feeling emotionally or physically numb, having a warped sense of time and space, or feeling like they don't have a stable sense of self. Everything feels automatic and robotic.
Derealization makes your surroundings seem lifeless, blurry, or visually distorted. It's like living in a fog where nothing feels quite real or solid anymore.
Student Connection: Many people experience mild versions of this during extreme stress, like during finals week.

Dissociative disorders typically develop from a combination of genetic factors and environmental stresses. Traumatic events, ongoing personal or financial stress, and existing depression or anxiety can all trigger these conditions.
Treatment usually involves antidepressants and psychotherapy, particularly psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. These help people process trauma and develop healthier coping strategies.
Grounding techniques are super practical for managing symptoms. This includes listening to loud music or holding ice cubes to stimulate your senses and reconnect with reality. Behavioral techniques like engaging in distracting tasks can also help when symptoms flare up.
Hope Factor: With proper treatment and coping strategies, people can learn to manage these disorders effectively.



Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Rania Hashim
@raniahashim_nxrx
Your mind and body are more connected than you might think. When psychological stress gets overwhelming, it can actually create real physical symptoms or make you feel disconnected from yourself and reality.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
These disorders happen when your mind creates real physical symptoms even though there's nothing medically wrong with your body. Think of it like your brain's way of expressing emotional pain through physical sensations.
There are several types you should know about: Somatic Symptom Disorder (unexplained physical symptoms), Illness Anxiety Disorder (constant worry about getting sick), and Conversion Disorder (losing basic body functions due to stress). Each one shows how powerful the mind-body connection really is.
Quick Tip: These aren't "fake" symptoms - the person genuinely feels pain or discomfort, even without a medical cause.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This is when someone experiences persistent physical symptoms for at least 6 months that can't be explained by any medical condition. The symptoms are real to the person experiencing them, but doctors can't find a biological cause.
What makes this tricky is that the symptoms change over time and vary widely - from headaches to stomach pain to fatigue. The person often develops excessive worry and anxiety about these symptoms, sometimes even having catastrophic thoughts about dying.
The key feature is that these physical complaints significantly disrupt the person's daily life. They might spend lots of time and energy focused on their symptoms, visiting multiple doctors, or avoiding activities they used to enjoy.
Remember: The symptoms range from mild to severe, and the emotional distress is just as important as the physical complaints.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Ever convinced yourself that a headache meant you had a brain tumor? People with Illness Anxiety Disorder live with that level of health worry constantly. They're persistently preoccupied with developing or having a serious illness.
These individuals don't easily feel reassured, even when doctors run tests and everything comes back normal. They might interpret normal body sensations as signs of disease, or get extremely anxious when they hear about someone else getting sick.
The anxiety about their health becomes so intense that it disrupts their daily functioning. They might avoid activities they think could make them sick, or spend hours researching symptoms online.
Reality Check: This goes way beyond normal health concerns - it's when worry about illness takes over your life.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Conversion Disorder is probably the most dramatic of these conditions. People suddenly lose basic body functions like the ability to walk, see, hear, or move parts of their body - but there's no medical explanation for it.
This usually happens after a stressful or traumatic experience. It's like the mind converts psychological distress into physical disability. The onset can be quite sudden, and the person isn't faking it - they genuinely can't perform these functions.
Common symptoms include paralysis, blindness, deafness, or difficulty walking. The TV show "Never Have I Ever" actually shows a realistic example of this disorder.
Important: This isn't something people do on purpose - it's an unconscious response to overwhelming stress.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
When reality becomes too overwhelming, sometimes our minds protect us by disconnecting from our thoughts, feelings, or sense of self. That's what dissociative disorders are all about - it's like your mind hits the "disconnect" button.
There are three main types, arranged by severity: Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder (feeling detached), Dissociative Amnesia (memory gaps), and Dissociative Identity Disorder (multiple identities). Each represents a different level of mental disconnection.
Think of it as your brain's emergency response system. When stress or trauma becomes unbearable, dissociation serves as a psychological escape hatch.
Key Point: These disorders usually develop as a way to cope with traumatic experiences or extreme stress.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This disorder has two main components that often happen together. Depersonalization makes you feel detached from yourself - like you're watching your life as a movie rather than living it. Derealization makes the world around you feel unreal, dreamlike, or foggy.
During depersonalization episodes, people describe feeling emotionally or physically numb, having a warped sense of time and space, or feeling like they don't have a stable sense of self. Everything feels automatic and robotic.
Derealization makes your surroundings seem lifeless, blurry, or visually distorted. It's like living in a fog where nothing feels quite real or solid anymore.
Student Connection: Many people experience mild versions of this during extreme stress, like during finals week.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Dissociative disorders typically develop from a combination of genetic factors and environmental stresses. Traumatic events, ongoing personal or financial stress, and existing depression or anxiety can all trigger these conditions.
Treatment usually involves antidepressants and psychotherapy, particularly psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. These help people process trauma and develop healthier coping strategies.
Grounding techniques are super practical for managing symptoms. This includes listening to loud music or holding ice cubes to stimulate your senses and reconnect with reality. Behavioral techniques like engaging in distracting tasks can also help when symptoms flare up.
Hope Factor: With proper treatment and coping strategies, people can learn to manage these disorders effectively.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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adult psychopathology lecture notes
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Adult psychopathology lecture notes
Explore the effectiveness of token economy as a behavioral therapy for managing schizophrenia. This summary covers key concepts such as operant conditioning, positive reinforcement, and the impact on negative symptoms. Evaluate the pros and cons based on historical studies, including insights from Paul and Lentz (1977) and McMonagle and Sultana (2000). Ideal for psychology students and professionals seeking to understand behavioral interventions in clinical settings.
Explore the biological underpinnings of schizophrenia, focusing on genetic vulnerabilities, the role of neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate, and the impact of environmental factors. This summary highlights key research findings, including family and adoption studies, and discusses the implications for genetic counseling and treatment options. Ideal for students studying psychology and mental health disorders.
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user